Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
Department of Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2020 Aug 1;161:112222. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112222. Epub 2020 Apr 21.
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles involved in many physiological activities of cells in the human body. Exosomes from cancer cells have great potential to be applied in clinical diagnosis, early cancer detection and target identification for molecular therapy. While this field is gaining increasing interests from both academia and industry, barriers such as supersensitive detection techniques and highly-efficient isolation methods remain. In the clinical settings, there is an urgent need for rapid analysis, reliable detection and point-of-care testing (POCT). With these challenges to be addressed, this article aims to review recent developments and technical breakthroughs including optical, electrochemical and electrical biosensors for exosomes detection in the field of cancer and other diseases and demonstrate how nanobiosensors could enhance the performance of conventional sensors. Working strategies, limit of detections, advantages and shortcomings of the studies are summarized. New trends, challenges and future perspectives of exosome-driven POCT in liquid biopsy have been discussed.
外泌体是参与人体细胞许多生理活动的小型细胞外囊泡。癌细胞来源的外泌体在临床诊断、早期癌症检测和分子治疗的靶标识别方面具有巨大的应用潜力。虽然这一领域越来越受到学术界和工业界的关注，但仍然存在超灵敏检测技术和高效分离方法等障碍。在临床环境中，迫切需要快速分析、可靠检测和即时检测 (POCT)。针对这些挑战，本文旨在综述近年来在癌症和其他疾病领域中外泌体检测的光学、电化学和电化学生物传感器等方面的最新进展和技术突破，并展示纳米生物传感器如何增强传统传感器的性能。总结了研究的工作策略、检测限、优缺点。讨论了液体活检中外泌体驱动的 POCT 的新趋势、挑战和未来展望。
