Wang Jun, Chen Chen, Zhou Jinhui, Xu Zinan, Xu Lanjing, Li Xinwei, Zhong Zhuchun, Lv Yuebin, Shi Xiaoming
China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Nat Commun. 2025 Jan 9;16(1):539. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-55763-0.
It remains unclear whether the benefits of adhering to a healthy lifestyle outweigh the effects of high genetic risk on cognitive decline. We examined the association of combined lifestyle factors and genetic risk with changes in cognitive function and six specific dimensions of cognition among older adults from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (1998-2018, n = 18,811, a subset of 6301 participants with genetic information). Compared to participants with an unfavorable lifestyle, those with a favorable lifestyle showed a 46.81% slower rate of cognitive decline, with similar results across most cognitive domains. High genetic risk was associated with a 12.5% faster rate of cognitive decline. Individuals with a high genetic risk and a favorable lifestyle have slower cognitive decline than those with a low genetic risk and an unfavorable lifestyle. These data suggest that the benefits of a favorable lifestyle outweigh genetic factors, and therefore that adhering to a favorable lifestyle may offset the genetic risk for accelerated cognitive decline.
坚持健康的生活方式所带来的益处是否超过高遗传风险对认知衰退的影响，目前尚不清楚。我们在中国健康与养老追踪调查（1998 - 2018年，n = 18811，其中6301名参与者有基因信息）中，研究了综合生活方式因素和遗传风险与老年人认知功能变化及六个特定认知维度之间的关联。与生活方式不健康的参与者相比，生活方式健康的参与者认知衰退速度慢46.81%，大多数认知领域的结果相似。高遗传风险与认知衰退速度快12.5%相关。遗传风险高但生活方式健康的个体比遗传风险低但生活方式不健康的个体认知衰退更慢。这些数据表明，健康的生活方式所带来的益处超过了遗传因素，因此坚持健康的生活方式可能抵消加速认知衰退的遗传风险。
