Yirsaw Amlaku Nigusie, Mengistie Berihun Agegn, Getachew Eyob, Mekonnen Gebrehiwot Berie, Shibabaw Adamu Ambachew, Chereka Alex Ayenew, Kitil Gemeda Wakgari, Wondie Wubet Tazeb, Lakew Gebeyehu
Department of Health Promotion and Health Behavior, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of General Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
BMC Infect Dis. 2025 Jan 9;25(1):49. doi: 10.1186/s12879-024-10419-8.
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), remains a global health crisis, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where high human immune virus (HIV) prevalence exacerbates the problem. The co-infection of TB and HIV creates a deadly combination, increasing susceptibility and complicating disease progression and treatment. Ethiopia, classified as a high-burden country, faces significant challenges despite efforts to reduce co-infection rates. The rise of multidrug-resistant TB further complicates diagnosis and management, highlighting the urgent need for intensified efforts to combat this dual epidemic.
Studies searched through the search engine of Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar. Data from included studies was extracted, organized in Excel, and then analyzed using STATA 17. The overall effect across all studies was calculated using a random-effect model. Potential publication bias and heterogeneity in the results between studies were assessed using Egger's test, forest plot, and I² statistic, respectively.
According to this systematic review and meta-analysis, the overall prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB) among adults living with human immune virus /aquered immune deficieciency syndrome(HIV/AIDS) in Ethiopia was 15% (95% CI: 8-23%). Several factors were independently associated with pulmonary tuberculosis, including CD4 count below 200 cells/mm³ (OR = 4.491, 95% CI: 1.0001-8.132), WHO clinical stage III (OR = 4.487, 95% CI: 2.264-6.710)), WHO clinical stage IV (OR = 6.905, 95% CI: 5.239-8.571), smokers (AOR = 3.749, 95% CI: 2.626-5.271), ambulatory adults (AOR = 1.887, 95% CI: 1.439-2.335).
This systematic review and meta-analysis found a significant 15% pooled prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among adults living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia. The prevalence was notably higher in individuals with lower CD4 counts, advanced HIV stages (III and IV), and in smokers. These findings underscore the need for early detection, targeted interventions, and integrated TB control programs with HIV care to mitigate the burden of PTB in this population.
由结核分枝杆菌（MTB）引起的结核病（TB）仍然是全球卫生危机，特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲，那里人类免疫病毒（HIV）的高流行率加剧了这一问题。结核病和艾滋病毒的合并感染形成了致命组合，增加了易感性，并使疾病进展和治疗复杂化。埃塞俄比亚被列为高负担国家，尽管努力降低合并感染率，但仍面临重大挑战。耐多药结核病的增加进一步使诊断和管理复杂化，凸显了加大力度抗击这一双重流行病的迫切需要。
通过Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、科学网、谷歌学术搜索引擎进行研究检索。提取纳入研究的数据，整理到Excel中，然后使用STATA 17进行分析。使用随机效应模型计算所有研究的总体效应。分别使用Egger检验、森林图和I²统计量评估研究结果中潜在的发表偏倚和异质性。
根据这项系统评价和荟萃分析，埃塞俄比亚感染人类免疫病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（HIV/AIDS）的成年人中肺结核（PTB）的总体患病率为15%（95%CI：8-23%）。几个因素与肺结核独立相关，包括CD4细胞计数低于200个/立方毫米（OR = 4.491，95%CI：1.0001-8.132）、世界卫生组织临床分期III期（OR = 4.487，95%CI：2.264-6.710）、世界卫生组织临床分期IV期（OR = 6.905，95%CI：5.239-8.571）、吸烟者（AOR = 3.749，95%CI：2.626-5.271）、非卧床成年人（AOR = 1.887，95%CI：1.439-2.335）。
这项系统评价和荟萃分析发现，埃塞俄比亚感染HIV/AIDS的成年人中肺结核（PTB）的合并患病率为15%，这一患病率在CD4细胞计数较低、HIV晚期（III期和IV期）的个体以及吸烟者中显著更高。这些发现强调了早期检测、有针对性的干预措施以及将结核病控制计划与HIV护理相结合以减轻该人群中肺结核负担的必要性。
