Saha Pauliina, Salmela Jatta, Hiilamo Aapo, Aho Anna Liisa, Lallukka Tea
Health Sciences Unit, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Arch Public Health. 2025 Jan 10;83(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s13690-024-01483-2.
The association of workload and performance with physical functioning is recognised among the ageing public sector workforce. The characteristics of working conditions and social- and health-related factors associated with physical functioning after statutory retirement are still unknown. Also, previous studies on changes in physical functioning have not used a person-oriented approach. We examined physical functioning trajectories over statutory retirement and how social- and health-related factors are associated with them. Our aim was to identify distinct developmental trajectories of physical functioning over statutory retirement and to examine how social- (age, gender, marital status, education) and health-related (physical workload, self-reported sleep problems, alcohol consumption, smoking, fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and body mass index (BMI)) factors before retirement were associated with the identified trajectories.
We used data from the Helsinki Health Study cohort. Participants consisted of 2736 employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland who retired during the follow-up. Growth mixture modelling was used to identify physical functioning trajectories and multinominal regression analyses to examine associations of social- and health-related factors with them.
Three distinct developmental patterns in physical functioning before and after retirement were found among ageing and retired employees. Lower educational level, sleep problems, physical inactivity, and obesity were associated with the trajectory groups of 'fast decreasing' and 'slowly increasing', compared to the 'stable high' trajectory.
The results suggest that poor social- and health-related factors are key risk factors associated with declining and lower-level physical functioning over the retirement period. Supporting healthy lifestyles among older employees might maintaining good physical functioning until retirement and beyond.
在老龄化的公共部门劳动力中，工作负荷与绩效和身体功能之间的关联已得到认可。法定退休后与身体功能相关的工作条件特征以及社会和健康相关因素仍然未知。此外，先前关于身体功能变化的研究尚未采用以人为本的方法。我们研究了法定退休期间的身体功能轨迹以及社会和健康相关因素如何与之相关联。我们的目的是确定法定退休期间身体功能的不同发展轨迹，并研究退休前的社会因素（年龄、性别、婚姻状况、教育程度）和健康相关因素（身体工作负荷、自我报告的睡眠问题、饮酒、吸烟、水果和蔬菜（F&V）摄入量、休闲时间身体活动（LTPA）以及体重指数（BMI））与所确定的轨迹之间的关联。
我们使用了赫尔辛基健康研究队列的数据。参与者包括芬兰赫尔辛基市在随访期间退休的2736名员工。采用增长混合模型来确定身体功能轨迹，并进行多项回归分析以研究社会和健康相关因素与这些轨迹的关联。
在老龄化和退休员工中发现了退休前后身体功能的三种不同发展模式。与“稳定高水平”轨迹相比，较低的教育水平、睡眠问题、身体不活动和肥胖与“快速下降”和“缓慢上升”的轨迹组相关。
结果表明，不良的社会和健康相关因素是与退休期间身体功能下降和低水平相关的关键风险因素。支持老年员工的健康生活方式可能有助于在退休前后保持良好的身体功能。
