埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴抗血栓药物的可及性、定价及可负担性：对卫生政策的影响
Availability, pricing, and affordability of antithrombotic medicines in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: implications for health policy.
作者信息
Birhanu Selam, Tamiru Melaku Tileku, Kedir Hanan Muzeyin, Tadesse Tamrat Assefa
机构信息
Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
出版信息
J Pharm Health Care Sci. 2025 Jan 9;11(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s40780-025-00408-7.
BACKGROUND
Antithrombotic medications are essential for the management of abnormal clot formation. However, their availability, pricing, and affordability in Ethiopia, particularly in Addis Ababa, have not been comprehensively studied.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to assess the availability, pricing, and affordability of essential antithrombotic medicines. This study utilized the World Health Organization (WHO) and International Health Action Organization methodology. Five public hospital outpatient pharmacies, four private hospitals, ten private pharmacies, four Kenema pharmacies, and two Red Cross pharmacies in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, were included in the study. All essential antithrombotic medicines in the 6 edition of Ethiopia's Essential Medicines List were included in this study. Data were collected for originator brands and the lowest-priced generic medicines available at each medicine outlet.
RESULTS
The availability of low-priced generic (LPG) antithrombotic medicines was 31%, with private hospitals having the highest availability (52%). Original-brand antithrombotic medicines were rarely available, averaging only 3%, with private pharmacies showing a slightly higher availability (10%). The median price of LPG antithrombotic medicines is higher in private settings. Original-brand (OB) antithrombotic medicines in private hospitals and pharmacies were unaffordable, costing between 256.14 and 3,418 days of wages.
CONCLUSION
The availability of most antithrombotic medicines was low across all sectors compared with the WHO target. Private hospitals showed relatively higher availability of LPG medicines than other pharmacy outlets included in the study. There is a significant disparity between the availability and affordability of LPG and OB medicines. To address these issues, the national drug procurement and distribution systems must be strengthened. Exploring local production and financial assistance programs, implementing effective stock management, regulating medicine prices, promoting high-quality generic medicines, and conducting further research to understand the national landscape are all essential.
背景
抗血栓药物对于异常血栓形成的管理至关重要。然而，其在埃塞俄比亚，特别是亚的斯亚贝巴的可及性、定价和可负担性尚未得到全面研究。
方法
在埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴进行了一项横断面研究，以评估基本抗血栓药物的可及性、定价和可负担性。本研究采用了世界卫生组织（WHO）和国际卫生行动组织的方法。埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴的五家公立医院门诊药房、四家私立医院、十家私立药房、四家凯内马药房和两家红十字药房被纳入研究。埃塞俄比亚《基本药物清单》第6版中的所有基本抗血栓药物均纳入本研究。收集了各药品销售点的原研品牌药和价格最低的仿制药的数据。
结果
低价仿制药（LPG）抗血栓药物的可及率为31%，私立医院的可及率最高（52%）。原研品牌抗血栓药物很少有供应，平均仅为3%，私立药房的供应率略高（10%）。私立机构中LPG抗血栓药物的中位数价格更高。私立医院和药房的原研品牌（OB）抗血栓药物难以负担，成本相当于256.14至3418天的工资。
结论
与世界卫生组织的目标相比，所有部门中大多数抗血栓药物的可及性都较低。私立医院的LPG药物可及性相对高于研究中纳入的其他药房。LPG和OB药物在可及性和可负担性方面存在显著差异。为解决这些问题，必须加强国家药品采购和配送系统。探索本地生产和财政援助计划、实施有效的库存管理、规范药品价格、推广高质量仿制药以及开展进一步研究以了解全国情况都至关重要。
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