Lindblad Victoria, Lund Rolf L, Gaardsted Pernille Skou, Møller Hansen Line Elise, Lauritzen Fie Falk, Melgaard Dorte
Department of Gynecology, Pregnancy and Childbirth, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjoerring, Denmark.
Department of Sociology and Social Work, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
J Adolesc. 2025 Apr;97(3):620-633. doi: 10.1002/jad.12461. Epub 2025 Jan 9.
Youth aged 15-29 who are not engaged in education, employment, or training (NEET) represent a critical concern within the European Union (EU).
This review aims to ascertain whether existing studies address the impact of living in either rural or urban settings, or in specific types of neighborhoods, on the likelihood of young European individuals falling into NEET status.
On February 21, 2023, and subsequently updated on January 15, 2024, a thorough literature search was carried out across four major databases to compile relevant studies.
From an initial pool of 33,314 articles, 11 studies were deemed relevant for this review involving over 786,399 participants. The analysis revealed that residing in disadvantaged neighborhoods, characterized by significant crime rates and unemployment levels surpassing national averages, correlates strongly with an increased incidence of NEET status among youth. Notably, impoverished areas with a high presence of visible minorities were associated with higher rates of school dropout or unemployment. Furthermore, the conditions of the local labor market were found to notably affect dropout rates from secondary schools, especially in urban centers. Whereas rural areas exhibited elevated unemployment rates among the youth.
This review underscores the need for targeted policies that address geographical disparities in NEET status by tailoring interventions to urban, rural, and neighborhood-specific contexts. Policymakers should focus on localized support programs and integrate geographical factors into strategic planning to ensure equitable opportunities for all youth.
15至29岁未接受教育、未就业或未参加培训（即“尼特族”）的年轻人是欧盟内部的一个关键问题。
本综述旨在确定现有研究是否探讨了生活在农村或城市环境，或特定类型社区对欧洲年轻人陷入“尼特族”状态可能性的影响。
于2023年2月21日进行了全面的文献检索，并于2024年1月15日更新，在四个主要数据库中进行全面检索以汇编相关研究。
从最初的33314篇文章中，筛选出11项与本综述相关的研究，涉及超过786399名参与者。分析表明，生活在以高犯罪率和失业率超过全国平均水平为特征的弱势社区，与年轻人中“尼特族”状态的发生率增加密切相关。值得注意的是，有大量明显少数族裔的贫困地区与较高的辍学率或失业率相关。此外，发现当地劳动力市场状况对中学辍学率有显著影响，尤其是在城市中心。而农村地区年轻人的失业率较高。
本综述强调需要制定有针对性的政策，通过针对城市、农村和特定社区背景量身定制干预措施，解决“尼特族”状态的地理差异问题。政策制定者应专注于本地化支持项目，并将地理因素纳入战略规划，以确保所有年轻人都有公平的机会。
