Tran Thanh Mai Nguyen, Prabhakar M N, Woo Lee Dong, Jung-Il Song
Department of Smart Manufacturing Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnam 51140, South Korea.
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Nha Trang University, Khanh Hoa 650000, Vietnam.
ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2025 Jan 20;8(1):893-902. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.4c01733. Epub 2025 Jan 9.
The current work presents the flame-retardant performance of hybrid polypropylene composites, reinforced with specific short woven flax fabrics (SWFs), short basalt fibers (BFs), and rice husk powder (RHP), using polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (MAPP) as the coupling agent. Horizontal burning test (HBT), microcalorimeter test (MCT), and cone calorimeter test (CCT) were conducted on these composites. The formulations used were 25% SWF/PP, 25% SWF/20% BF/PP, and 25% SWF/20% BF/PP with 6% RHP and 25% SWF/20% BF/PP with varying RHP contents (6, 12, and 18%) in combination with 6% MAPP. A peak heat release rate (pHRR) reduction of 14.42% was recorded in microcalorimeter test results. However, cone calorimeter test results indicated a reduction of 80.95% in pHRR and 23.84% in total heat release rate (THR). Furthermore, the emissions of CO and CO were reduced by 68 and 67%, respectively, in the 25SWF/20BF/PP.6MAPP-18RHP composite compared to pure PP, indicating an overall improvement in combustion efficiency. Fire performance index (FPI) also improved remarkably: FPI increased by 130% and fire growth index (FGI) improved by 81.34%. Moreover, the horizontal burning test showed an improved performance, with the burning rate further reduced by 11.10% compared to that of the 25% SWF/PP composite. These results highlight the synergy among natural fibers, agro-waste fillers, and MAPP in improving flame retardancy of polypropylene composites, and hence their potential application in automobiles and construction, where the demand for fire safety is very high.
当前的工作展示了以聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐（MAPP）作为偶联剂，用特定的短编织亚麻织物（SWF）、短玄武岩纤维（BF）和稻壳粉（RHP）增强的混杂聚丙烯复合材料的阻燃性能。对这些复合材料进行了水平燃烧试验（HBT）、微量热计试验（MCT）和锥形量热计试验（CCT）。所使用的配方有25% SWF/PP、25% SWF/20% BF/PP以及含6% RHP的25% SWF/20% BF/PP和含不同RHP含量（6%、12%和18%）并结合6% MAPP的25% SWF/20% BF/PP。微量热计试验结果显示峰值热释放速率（pHRR）降低了14.42%。然而，锥形量热计试验结果表明pHRR降低了80.95%，总热释放速率（THR）降低了23.84%。此外，与纯聚丙烯相比，在25SWF/20BF/PP.6MAPP - 18RHP复合材料中，CO和CO的排放量分别减少了68%和67%，表明燃烧效率总体有所提高。火灾性能指数（FPI）也显著提高：FPI提高了130%，火灾增长指数（FGI）提高了81.34%。此外，水平燃烧试验显示性能有所改善，与25% SWF/PP复合材料相比，燃烧速率进一步降低了11.10%。这些结果突出了天然纤维、农业废弃物填料和MAPP在提高聚丙烯复合材料阻燃性方面的协同作用，因此它们在对消防安全要求非常高的汽车和建筑领域具有潜在应用价值。
