Yuan Quan, Wang Shaodong, He Liping, Xu Shiwei
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 May 3;17(9):1249. doi: 10.3390/polym17091249.
Cellulose, as a green and renewable polymer material, has attracted the attention of a wide range of scholars for its excellent mechanical strength, easy chemical modification and degradability. However, its flammability limits its application in automotive, aerospace, construction, textile and electronic fields. This review recapitulates the modification methods of flame-retardant cellulose and their applications in polymers in recent years. This paper discusses the fabrication of flame-retardant cellulose from various aspects such as boron, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, inorganic and heterogeneous synergistic modification, respectively, and evaluates the flame retardancy of flame-retardant cellulose by means of thermogravimetry, cone calorimetry, limiting oxygen index, the vertical combustion of UL94, etc. Finally, it discusses the application of flame-retardant cellulose in actual composites, which fully reflects the extraordinary potential of flame-retardant cellulose for applications in polymers. Currently, flame-retardant cellulose has significantly improved its flame-retardant properties through multi-faceted modification strategies and has shown a broad application prospect in composite materials. However, interfacial compatibility, environmental protection and process optimisation are still the key directions for future research, and efficient, low-toxic and industrialised flame-retardant cellulose materials need to be realised through innovative design.
纤维素作为一种绿色可再生的高分子材料，因其优异的机械强度、易于化学改性和可降解性而受到广泛学者的关注。然而，其可燃性限制了它在汽车、航空航天、建筑、纺织和电子领域的应用。本综述概述了近年来纤维素的阻燃改性方法及其在聚合物中的应用。本文分别从硼、氮、磷、硫、无机和非均相协同改性等方面探讨了阻燃纤维素的制备，并通过热重分析、锥形量热法、极限氧指数、UL94垂直燃烧等方法评估了阻燃纤维素的阻燃性能。最后，讨论了阻燃纤维素在实际复合材料中的应用，充分体现了阻燃纤维素在聚合物应用中的巨大潜力。目前，阻燃纤维素通过多方面的改性策略显著提高了其阻燃性能，并在复合材料中展现出广阔的应用前景。然而，界面相容性、环境保护和工艺优化仍是未来研究的关键方向，需要通过创新设计实现高效、低毒且工业化的阻燃纤维素材料。
