Surati Bhumika, Yogesh M, Munshi Raza, Vamja Roshni
Department of Community Medicine, Shri M P Shah Government Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.
Department of General Medicine, GMERS, Navsari, Gujarat, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2024 Dec;13(12):5689-5696. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_816_24. Epub 2024 Dec 9.
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant public health concern with detrimental effects on maternal and child well-being. Social support, breastfeeding attitudes, and self-efficacy have been identified as potential protective or risk factors for PPD. This study aimed to investigate the associations between PPD, social support, breastfeeding attitudes, and self-efficacy among postpartum women in Gujarat, India.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 postpartum women in Gujarat, India. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric factors, PPD (assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), social support, breastfeeding attitudes, and self-efficacy were collected through structured interviews. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between PPD and the independent variables.
The prevalence of PPD in the study population was 50.1% (n = 202), with 28.8% (n = 116) experiencing mild depression, 16.6% (n = 67) moderate depression, and 4.7% (n = 19) severe depression. Lower educational level (n = 120, 29.8%; AOR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.04-2.85), lower socioeconomic status (n = 242, 60%; AOR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.12-3.02), non-exclusive breastfeeding (n = 167, 41.4%; AOR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.11-2.54), low social support (n = 101, 25.1%; AOR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.57-4.02), and a history of depression (n = 93, 23.1%; AOR: 2.94, 95% CI: 1.82-4.75) were significantly associated with higher odds of PPD in the multivariate analysis. In addition, negative breastfeeding attitudes and low self-efficacy levels were associated with increased odds of PPD.
The findings highlight the significant associations between PPD and various sociodemographic, obstetric, and psychosocial factors among postpartum women in Gujarat, India. Interventions targeting social support, breastfeeding attitudes, and self-efficacy, as well as targeted support for women with identified risk factors, may help mitigate the burden of PPD and promote maternal well-being.
产后抑郁症（PPD）是一个重大的公共卫生问题，对母婴健康有不利影响。社会支持、母乳喂养态度和自我效能已被确定为产后抑郁症的潜在保护因素或风险因素。本研究旨在调查印度古吉拉特邦产后妇女中产后抑郁症、社会支持、母乳喂养态度和自我效能之间的关联。
在印度古吉拉特邦对403名产后妇女进行了一项横断面研究。通过结构化访谈收集了社会人口学特征、产科因素、产后抑郁症（使用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表评估）、社会支持、母乳喂养态度和自我效能的数据。进行了双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析，以检验产后抑郁症与自变量之间的关联。
研究人群中产后抑郁症的患病率为50.1%（n = 202），其中28.8%（n = 116）经历轻度抑郁，16.6%（n = 67）中度抑郁，4.7%（n = 19）重度抑郁。在多变量分析中，较低的教育水平（n = 120，29.8%；调整后比值比：1.72，95%置信区间：1.04 - 2.85）、较低的社会经济地位（n = 242，60%；调整后比值比：1.84，95%置信区间：1.12 - 3.02）、非纯母乳喂养（n = 167，41.4%；调整后比值比：1.68，95%置信区间：1.11 - 2.54）、低社会支持（n = 101，25.1%；调整后比值比：2.51，95%置信区间：1.57 - 4.02）和抑郁症病史（n = 93，23.1%；调整后比值比：2.94，95%置信区间：1.82 - 4.75）与产后抑郁症的较高几率显著相关。此外，负面的母乳喂养态度和低自我效能水平与产后抑郁症几率增加有关。
研究结果突出了印度古吉拉特邦产后妇女中产后抑郁症与各种社会人口学、产科和心理社会因素之间的显著关联。针对社会支持、母乳喂养态度和自我效能的干预措施，以及对已确定风险因素的妇女的针对性支持，可能有助于减轻产后抑郁症的负担并促进产妇健康。
