Gage A A, Guest K, Montes M, Caruana J A, Whalen D A
Cryobiology. 1985 Apr;22(2):175-82. doi: 10.1016/0011-2240(85)90172-5.
Six different freezing/thawing programs, which varied freezing rate, duration of freezing, and thawing rates, were used to investigate the effect of these factors on cell destruction in dog skin. The range of tissue temperatures produced was from -15 to -50 degrees C. The extent of destruction was evaluated by skin biopsies 3 days after cold injury. In single, short freezing/thawing cycles, the temperature reached in the tissue was the prime factor in cell death. Longer freezing time and slow thawing were also important lethal factors which increased destruction of cells. Cooling rate, whether slow or fast, made little difference in the outcome. The experiments suggested that present-day, commonly employed cryosurgical techniques, which feature fast cooling, slow thawing, and repetition of the freeze/thaw cycle, should be modified by the use of maintenance of the tissue in the frozen state for several minutes and slow thawing. Thawing should be complete before freezing is repeated. These modifications in technique will maximize tissue destruction, an important consideration in cancer cryosurgery.
六种不同的冻融程序，其冷冻速率、冷冻持续时间和解冻速率各不相同，被用于研究这些因素对犬皮肤细胞破坏的影响。所产生的组织温度范围为-15至-50摄氏度。冷损伤3天后通过皮肤活检评估破坏程度。在单次、短暂的冻融循环中，组织中达到的温度是细胞死亡的主要因素。较长的冷冻时间和缓慢解冻也是增加细胞破坏的重要致死因素。冷却速率，无论是慢还是快，对结果影响不大。实验表明，当今常用的冷冻手术技术，其特点是快速冷却、缓慢解冻以及冻融循环的重复，应通过将组织在冷冻状态下维持几分钟并缓慢解冻来进行改进。在重复冷冻之前解冻应彻底完成。技术上的这些改进将使组织破坏最大化，这是癌症冷冻手术中的一个重要考量因素。
