DePina Adilson José, Lopes Gomes Jonas António, Moreira António Lima, Niang El Hadji Amadou
Programa de Eliminação do Paludismo, CCS-SIDA, Ministério da Saúde, Praia, Cabo Verde.
Instituto Nacional de Saúde Pública, Praia, Cabo Verde.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2025 Jan 10;5(1):e0004153. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0004153. eCollection 2025.
On 12 January 2024, Cabo Verde was officially certified by the WHO as a malaria-free country after six consecutive years without local transmission. This study analysed the malaria history of Cabo Verde from 1953 to certification in 2024, highlighted the valuable lessons learned, and discussed challenges for prevention reintroduction. Malaria data from the last 35 years (1988-2022) were analysed using descriptive analyses, and cases were mapped using the USGS National Map Viewer. From 1988 to 2022, 3,089 malaria cases were reported, 2.381 (77.1%) locally and 708 (22.9%) imported. Imported cases were reported nationwide except on Brava Island. Six municipalities did not report any cases, while local cases were restricted to Santiago and Boavista, with 2.360 and 21 cases, respectively. Malaria history in the country revealed six remarkable steps and three periods of interruption in the transmission of local malaria cases. The last local cases were reported in Boavista in 2015 and Santiago in 2017. Since 2018, introduced cases have been recorded from time to time. Disease lethality was low, with ten malaria deaths from 2010 to 2023, and the highest value of 8.3% (3/36) recorded in 2011. With this certification, Cabo Verde became a reference in Africa for its health sector organisation, multisectoral, and partnership in malaria control. However, maintaining the certification presents several sustainability challenges for the country. Additionally, robust epidemiological and entomological surveillance, continued investigations, and ongoing research are crucial.
2024年1月12日，佛得角在连续六年无本地疟疾传播后，被世界卫生组织正式认证为无疟疾国家。本研究分析了佛得角1953年至2024年认证前的疟疾历史，强调了吸取的宝贵经验教训，并讨论了预防疟疾重新传入的挑战。使用描述性分析方法分析了过去35年（1988 - 2022年）的疟疾数据，并使用美国地质调查局国家地图查看器绘制了病例分布图。1988年至2022年期间，共报告了3089例疟疾病例，其中2381例（77.1%）为本地病例，708例（22.9%）为输入病例。除了布拉瓦岛外，全国均有输入病例报告。有六个市未报告任何病例，而本地病例仅限于圣地亚哥和博阿维斯塔，分别为2360例和21例。该国的疟疾历史显示出本地疟疾病例传播的六个显著阶段和三个中断期。最后一例本地病例于2015年在博阿维斯塔和2017年在圣地亚哥被报告。自2018年以来，不时有输入病例记录。疾病致死率较低，2010年至2023年期间有10例疟疾死亡病例，2011年记录的最高值为8.3%（3/36）。凭借这一认证，佛得角在非洲成为了卫生部门组织、多部门合作以及疟疾控制伙伴关系的典范。然而，维持这一认证对该国提出了若干可持续性挑战。此外，强有力的流行病学和昆虫学监测、持续调查以及正在进行的研究至关重要。
