Govindaraju Ramkumar, Joseph Shimat V
Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2025 Feb 11;118(1):298-306. doi: 10.1093/jee/toae311.
Xylosandrus crassiusculus Motschulsky and Xylosandrus germanus Blandford are serious ambrosia beetle pests in ornamental nurseries. Three ethanol baits, AgBio low release (LR), AgBio high release (HR), and Trécé are commercially available for use in bottle traps to determine flight activity of adult Xylosandrus spp. However, release patterns of ethanol from these baits under varying temperatures and captures of Xylosandrus spp. are poorly understood. Thus, the objectives of this study were (i) to determine ethanol release rates from these baits under constant and variable temperatures and (ii) to compare relative adult Xylosandrus spp. captures using these baits in ornamental nurseries. When 3-d difference (3-d difference) bait weights were recorded under constant 15.6, 21.1, 26.7, and 32.2 °C, an increase in release rates was recorded with an increase in temperature from 15.6 to 32.2 °C for LR bait. At 32.2 °C, no increase or reduction in the 3-d-difference weights was found for the HR and Trécé baits, respectively, compared to LR bait. The 3-d-difference weights were steady with all 3 baits when temperatures gradually increased and decreased in variable sequence for 30 d. In 2022, 2023, and 2024, although all 3 baits captured adult X. crassiusculus and X. germanus, LR bait captured significantly more numbers of X. crassiusculus than the other 2 baits in 2022 and 2023, and in 2024, X. crassiusculus captures were greater in traps with the Trécé bait than the other 2 baits. Thus, ethanol baits can effectively detect the early flight activity of Xylosandrus spp. adults in ornamental nurseries.
粗刻点木小蠹（Xylosandrus crassiusculus Motschulsky）和德国木小蠹（Xylosandrus germanus Blandford）是观赏苗圃中严重的食菌小蠹害虫。三种乙醇诱饵，即AgBio低释放量（LR）、AgBio高释放量（HR）和Trécé，可用于商业瓶式诱捕器，以测定成年木小蠹属（Xylosandrus spp.）的飞行活动。然而，在不同温度下这些诱饵中乙醇的释放模式以及木小蠹属的捕获情况却知之甚少。因此，本研究的目的是：（i）测定这些诱饵在恒温及变温条件下的乙醇释放速率；（ii）比较在观赏苗圃中使用这些诱饵时木小蠹属成虫的相对捕获量。当在15.6、21.1、26.7和32.2℃恒温条件下记录诱饵3天的重量差异（3 - d差异）时，LR诱饵的释放速率随温度从15.6℃升高到32.2℃而增加。在32.2℃时，与LR诱饵相比，HR和Trécé诱饵的3 - d差异重量分别未增加或减少。当温度在30天内以可变顺序逐渐升高和降低时，所有三种诱饵的3 - d差异重量保持稳定。在2022年、2023年和2024年，尽管所有三种诱饵都捕获了粗刻点木小蠹和德国木小蠹成虫，但LR诱饵在2022年和2023年捕获的粗刻点木小蠹数量明显多于其他两种诱饵，而在2024年，使用Trécé诱饵的诱捕器捕获的粗刻点木小蠹数量比其他两种诱饵更多。因此，乙醇诱饵可以有效检测观赏苗圃中木小蠹属成虫的早期飞行活动。
