McCann Bailey N, Bourdeau Paul E
Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, 1 Harpst St., Arcata, CA, 95521, USA.
WRA Environmental Consultants, 4221 Hollis St., Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
Oecologia. 2025 Jan 10;207(1):20. doi: 10.1007/s00442-024-05659-z.
The effects of climate warming on the distribution of range-expanding species are well documented, but the interactive effects of climate warming and range-expanding species on recipient communities remain understudied. With climate warming, range-expanding species may threaten local biodiversity due to their relatively stronger competitive or predatory effects on potentially weakened, or less well-adapted recipient communities. Acanthinucella spirata is a predatory marine gastropod that has expanded its distribution north along the California coast since the Pleistocene via a poleward range shift, tracking climatic warming. To assess whether A. spirata has stronger predatory effects on the recipient community in their expanded range and is better suited to a warming climate than a local predatory snail, we used a combination of field and laboratory studies to examine the feeding activity of A. spirata and the predatory whelk (Nucella lamellosa) on shared prey under ambient and elevated conditions. From field surveys, we concluded that A. spirata is a potential competitive threat to N. lamellosa, due to its high local abundance, overlapping habitat, and shared prey on Cape Mendocino. In the laboratory, we observed that A. spirata was a more efficient consumer of prey than N. lamellosa overall and ate significantly more prey than N. lamellosa under warmer conditions. As climate change continues, environmental conditions will become more stressful for all species; however, range-expanding A. spirata populations may be at a competitive advantage relative to N. lamellosa, as they are more abundant and have higher feeding rates at warmer temperatures than the local whelk.
气候变暖对分布范围不断扩大的物种分布的影响已有充分记录，但气候变暖和分布范围不断扩大的物种对受纳群落的交互作用仍未得到充分研究。随着气候变暖，分布范围不断扩大的物种可能会威胁当地生物多样性，因为它们对可能已经削弱或适应性较差的受纳群落具有相对更强的竞争或捕食作用。刺旋螺是一种掠食性海洋腹足纲动物，自更新世以来，它通过向极地的范围转移沿着加利福尼亚海岸向北扩大了分布范围，追踪着气候变暖的趋势。为了评估刺旋螺在其扩大的分布范围内对受纳群落是否具有更强的捕食作用，以及是否比当地的捕食性蜗牛更适合变暖的气候，我们结合了野外和实验室研究，来考察刺旋螺和捕食性峨螺（疣荔枝螺）在环境条件和升高条件下对共同猎物的摄食活动。通过野外调查，我们得出结论，由于刺旋螺在门多西诺角当地数量众多、栖息地重叠且有共同的猎物，它对疣荔枝螺是一个潜在的竞争威胁。在实验室中，我们观察到，总体而言刺旋螺比疣荔枝螺更高效地捕食猎物，并且在温暖条件下比疣荔枝螺吃掉的猎物显著更多。随着气候变化的持续，环境条件对所有物种来说都将变得更具压力；然而，分布范围不断扩大的刺旋螺种群相对于疣荔枝螺可能具有竞争优势，因为它们数量更多，并且在温暖温度下比当地峨螺具有更高的摄食率。
