Ferronato Giulia, Simonetto Anna, Gilioli Gianni, Zecconi Alfonso
Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture, Environment, Land Planning and Mathematics (DICATAM), University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy.
One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Dec 28;15(1):50. doi: 10.3390/ani15010050.
Mastitis represents a significant challenge for dairy farming, resulting in economic losses and environmental impacts. This study assesses a model for the evaluation of the impact of mastitis on dairy productivity and Global Warming Potential (GWP) under diverse management scenarios. The model considers a range of factors, including bedding materials, milking systems, health surveillance, and overcrowding. The results of the simulation demonstrate that effective management, encompassing the utilization of sand bedding, and the presence of an annual herd health monitoring plan have the potential to reduce the prevalence of mastitis and enhance milk yield by up to 10% in milking parlors and 7% in automatic milking systems. At the herd level, the GWP ranged from 1.37 to 1.78 kg COeq/kg Fat- and Protein-Corrected Milk (FPCM), with the use of sand bedding resulting in a 14% reduction in GWP, while the utilization of non-composted manure-based materials led to an increase of 12%. The occurrence of overcrowding and a lack of adequate cleanliness in resting areas were found to have a markedly detrimental impact on both productivity and the environmental performance of cows. These findings illustrate the dual benefits of enhanced mastitis management, namely improved milk production and reduced environmental impact. They offer valuable insights for farmers and policymakers alike.
乳腺炎对奶牛养殖构成了重大挑战，会导致经济损失和环境影响。本研究评估了一个模型，用于评估在不同管理情景下乳腺炎对奶牛生产力和全球变暖潜能值（GWP）的影响。该模型考虑了一系列因素，包括垫料、挤奶系统、健康监测和过度拥挤情况。模拟结果表明，有效的管理措施，包括使用沙子垫料以及制定年度畜群健康监测计划，有可能降低乳腺炎的发病率，并使挤奶厅的产奶量提高多达10%，自动挤奶系统的产奶量提高7%。在畜群层面，GWP范围为每千克脂肪和蛋白质校正乳（FPCM）1.37至1.78千克二氧化碳当量，使用沙子垫料可使GWP降低14%，而使用非堆肥的粪肥基材料则会使GWP增加12%。研究发现，休息区过度拥挤和缺乏足够清洁度对奶牛的生产力和环境表现均有显著不利影响。这些发现说明了加强乳腺炎管理的双重好处，即提高牛奶产量和减少环境影响。它们为农民和政策制定者都提供了宝贵的见解。
