Nielsen C, Emanuelson U
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ruminant Medicine and Epidemiology, PO Box 7054, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ruminant Medicine and Epidemiology, PO Box 7054, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
J Dairy Sci. 2013;96(11):6883-6893. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-6026. Epub 2013 Sep 18.
The aim of this study was to investigate which preventive measures targeting mastitis are implemented in Swedish dairy herds with different housing and milking systems. Data were collected through a self-administered postal questionnaire sent to 898 dairy farmers, stratified by housing and milking system, in May 2011. The questionnaire contained general questions about the herd and the person responsible for the udder health of the cows, and specific questions about perceived udder health and the implementation of preventive measures. The response rate was 48%. The median herd size of participating herds was 80 cows, and the median herd average milk yield per cow was 9,586 kg of milk. External validity was assessed by comparing participating herds with nonresponders in respect to key performance indicators in the Swedish official milk recording system; no significant differences were found. When herds with combined systems had been removed, 400 herds with tiestalls and pipeline milking, freestalls and parlor milking, and freestalls with an automatic milking system remained. Differences between herd types were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Fisher's exact test. The results showed that herd types differed in their rates of implementation of different preventive measures. Freestall herds with milking parlors implemented more preventive measures related to milking hygiene and milking routines than did tiestall herds. A milking order based on the udder health status of the cows was frequently implemented in tiestall herds, but not in most herds with an automatic milking system or most freestall herds with milking parlors. Irrespective of herd type, the proportion of herds in which cows were kept standing for at least 30 min after milking was low. A substantial proportion of herds ignored the udder health status of lactating cows when grouping them, and few herds grouped dry cows according to udder health status, although this occurred more frequently in tiestall herds. A large proportion of herds, especially those with tiestalls, did not allow cows and heifers to calve in single pens that were cleaned between animal occupations. These findings can be used to tailor advice on mastitis specifically to different herd types and thus improve the efficiency of mastitis control.
本研究的目的是调查在瑞典不同饲养和挤奶系统的奶牛场中实施了哪些针对乳腺炎的预防措施。2011年5月，通过向898名奶农发放自填式邮政问卷收集数据，这些奶农按饲养和挤奶系统分层。问卷包含有关牛群以及负责奶牛乳房健康的人员的一般问题，以及有关感知到的乳房健康和预防措施实施情况的具体问题。回复率为48%。参与调查的牛群的中位数规模为80头奶牛，每头奶牛的牛群平均产奶量中位数为9586千克牛奶。通过在瑞典官方牛奶记录系统中比较参与调查的牛群与未回复者的关键绩效指标来评估外部有效性；未发现显著差异。去除混合系统的牛群后，剩下400个采用栓系栏和管道式挤奶、散栏和挤奶厅挤奶以及带自动挤奶系统的散栏的牛群。使用Kruskal-Wallis检验和Fisher精确检验分析不同牛群类型之间的差异。结果表明，不同牛群类型在不同预防措施的实施率方面存在差异。有挤奶厅的散栏牛群比栓系栏牛群实施了更多与挤奶卫生和挤奶程序相关的预防措施。基于奶牛乳房健康状况的挤奶顺序在栓系栏牛群中经常实施，但在大多数自动挤奶系统的牛群或大多数有挤奶厅的散栏牛群中并非如此。无论牛群类型如何，挤奶后让奶牛站立至少30分钟的牛群比例都很低。很大一部分牛群在对泌乳奶牛进行分组时忽略了其乳房健康状况，很少有牛群根据乳房健康状况对干奶牛进行分组，尽管这种情况在栓系栏牛群中更频繁发生。很大一部分牛群，尤其是栓系栏牛群，不允许奶牛和小母牛在每次动物使用后进行清洁的单栏中产犊。这些发现可用于针对不同牛群类型量身定制乳腺炎防治建议，从而提高乳腺炎防控效率。
