Li Fangjie, Yang Chen, Li Maoye, Liu Su, Xu Kuo, Fu Xianjun
Research Institute for Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences), The SATCM's Key Unit of Discovering and Developing New Marine TCM Drugs, Key Laboratory of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shandong Universities, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Research in Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Key Technology Innovation Center of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine's Deep Development and Industrialization, Qingdao 266114, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jan 3;14(1):120. doi: 10.3390/plants14010120.
() is a necrotrophic fungus responsible for apple Valsa canker, which significantly diminishes apple production yields and quality in China. Our serendipitous findings revealed that genistein significantly inhibits the mycelial growth of , with an inhibition rate reaching 42.36 ± 3.22% at a concentration of 10 µg/mL. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that genistein caused significant changes in the structure of , including mycelial contraction, distortion, deformity, collapse, and irregular protrusions. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed leakage of cellular contents, blurred cell walls, ruptured membranes, and organelle abnormalities. Genistein has been shown to increase reactive oxygen species levels in mycelia, as demonstrated by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate staining. This increase was associated with a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity alongside increases in catalase and peroxidase activities. These changes collectively disrupted the oxidative equilibrium, leading to the induction of oxidative stress. The transcriptomic analysis revealed 13 genes enriched in this process, linked to unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis (three downregulated DEGs), saturated fatty acid biosynthesis (three upregulated and six downregulated DEGs), and fatty acid metabolism (four upregulated and nine downregulated DEGs). Additionally, the downregulated DEGs VMIG_07417 and VMIG_08675, which are linked to ergosterol biosynthesis, indicate possible changes in membrane composition. In conjunction with the qRT-PCR results, it is hypothesized that genistein exerts an antifungal effect on through ROS-mediated lipid peroxidation. This finding has the potential to contribute to the development of novel biological control agents for industrial crops.
（某菌）是一种导致苹果轮纹烂果病的坏死营养型真菌，在中国它会显著降低苹果的产量和品质。我们的意外发现表明，染料木黄酮能显著抑制（该菌）的菌丝生长，在浓度为10 µg/mL时抑制率达到42.36 ± 3.22%。扫描电子显微镜分析表明，染料木黄酮使（该菌）的结构发生了显著变化，包括菌丝收缩、扭曲、畸形、塌陷以及不规则突起。透射电子显微镜分析显示细胞内容物泄漏、细胞壁模糊、膜破裂以及细胞器异常。如通过2',7'-二氯荧光素二乙酸酯染色所证明的，染料木黄酮已被证明会使（该菌）菌丝体中的活性氧水平升高。这种升高与超氧化物歧化酶活性降低以及过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性增加有关。这些变化共同破坏了氧化平衡，导致氧化应激的诱导。转录组分析揭示了在此过程中富集的13个基因，与不饱和脂肪酸生物合成（3个下调的差异表达基因）、饱和脂肪酸生物合成（3个上调和6个下调的差异表达基因）以及脂肪酸代谢（4个上调和9个下调的差异表达基因）有关。此外，与麦角固醇生物合成相关的下调差异表达基因VMIG_07417和VMIG_08675表明膜组成可能发生变化。结合qRT-PCR结果，推测染料木黄酮通过活性氧介导的脂质过氧化对（该菌）发挥抗真菌作用。这一发现有可能为工业作物新型生物防治剂的开发做出贡献。
