Kubit Andrzej, Debnath Kishore, Slota Ján, Dominik Filip, Dubey Ankit Dhar, Rao Gorrepotu Surya, Żaba Krzysztof
Department of Manufacturing and Production Engineering, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powst. Warszawy 8, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT Meghalaya, Shillong 793003, India.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Dec 30;18(1):102. doi: 10.3390/ma18010102.
The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites produced using three popular technologies. The tests were performed on composites produced from prepregs in an autoclave, the next variant is composites produced using the infusion method, and the third variant concerns composites produced using the vacuum-assisted hand lay-up method. For each variant, flat plates with dimensions of 1000 mm × 1000 mm were produced while maintaining similar material properties and fabric arrangement configuration. Samples for testing were cut using a plotter in the 0° and 45° directions. Non-destructive tests (NDTs) were carried out using the active thermography method, demonstrating the correctness of the composites, i.e., the absence of structural defects for all variants. Static peel strength tests were carried out for samples with different directional orientations. The tests were carried out at temperatures of +25 °C and +80 °C. At room temperature, similar strengths were demonstrated, which for the 0° orientation were 619 MPa, 599 MPa and 536 MPa for the autoclave, vacuum and infusion variants, respectively. However, at a temperature of +80 °C, only the composite produced in the autoclave maintained the stability of its properties, showing a strength of 668 MPa. Meanwhile, in the case of the composite produced by the infusion method, a decrease in strength at an elevated temperature of 46.5% was demonstrated, while for the composite produced by the hand lay-up method, there was a decrease of 46.2%. For the last two variants, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of epoxy resins constituting the composite matrices was carried out, showing a glass transition temperature value of 49.91 °C for the infusion variant and 56.07 °C for the vacuum variant. In the three-point static bending test, the highest strength was also demonstrated for the 0ᵒ orientation, and the bending strength was 1088 MPa for the autoclave variant, 634 MPa for the infusion variant and 547 MPa for the vacuum variant. The fatigue strength tests in tension at 80% of the static strength for the infusion variant showed an average fatigue life of 678.788 × 10 cycles for the autoclave variant, 176.620 × 10 cycles for the vacuum variant and 159.539 × 10 cycles for the infusion variant.
本研究的目的是比较采用三种常用技术生产的碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）复合材料的力学性能。测试是在高压釜中由预浸料制成的复合材料上进行的，下一个变体是采用灌注法生产的复合材料，第三个变体涉及采用真空辅助手糊法生产的复合材料。对于每个变体，均制作了尺寸为1000 mm×1000 mm的平板，同时保持相似的材料性能和织物排列配置。使用绘图仪在0°和45°方向切割测试样品。采用主动热成像法进行无损检测（NDT），证明了复合材料的正确性，即所有变体均无结构缺陷。对不同方向取向的样品进行了静态剥离强度测试。测试在+25°C和+80°C的温度下进行。在室温下，表现出相似的强度，对于0°取向，高压釜变体、真空变体和灌注变体的强度分别为619 MPa、599 MPa和536 MPa。然而，在+80°C的温度下，只有在高压釜中生产的复合材料保持了其性能的稳定性，强度为668 MPa。同时，对于采用灌注法生产的复合材料，在高温下强度下降了46.5%，而对于采用手糊法生产的复合材料，强度下降了46.2%。对于后两个变体，对构成复合基质的环氧树脂进行了差示扫描量热法（DSC）分析，结果表明灌注变体的玻璃化转变温度值为49.91°C，真空变体为56.07°C。在三点静态弯曲试验中，0ᵒ取向也表现出最高强度，高压釜变体的弯曲强度为1088 MPa，灌注变体为634 MPa，真空变体为547 MPa。对于灌注变体，在静态强度的80%下进行的拉伸疲劳强度测试表明，高压釜变体的平均疲劳寿命为678.788×10次循环，真空变体为176.620×10次循环，灌注变体为159.539×10次循环。
