Fei Yifan, Yao Junya, Cheng Wei, Jiao Wenling
Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center of Advanced Textiles, Engineering Research Center of Technical Textiles (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Dec 30;18(1):113. doi: 10.3390/ma18010113.
Microwave absorbers with infrared camouflage are highly desirable in military fields. Self-supporting 3D architectures with tailorable shapes, composed of FeCoNi alloy/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) @ carbon nanofibers (CNFs), were fabricated in this study. On the one hand, multiple loss mechanisms were introduced into the high-elastic sponges. Controllable space conductive networks caused by the in situ growth of CNTs on the CNFs contributed to the effective dielectric and resistance loss. Moreover, the uniformly distributed magnetic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) with dense magnetic coupling resulted in magnetic loss. On the other hand, heterogeneous interfaces were constructed by multicomponent engineering, causing interfacial polarization and polarization loss. Furthermore, the internal structures of sponges were optimized by regulating the alloy NPs sizes and the growth state of CNTs, then tuning the impedance matching and microwave absorption. Therefore, the high-elastic sponges with ultra-low density (7.6 mg·cm) were found to have excellent radar and infrared-compatible stealth properties, displaying a minimum refection loss (RL) of -50.5 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.36 GHz. Moreover, the radar stealth effect of the sponges was evaluated by radar cross-section (RCS) simulation, revealing that the multifunctional sponges have a promising prospect in military applications.
具有红外伪装功能的微波吸收剂在军事领域极具吸引力。本研究制备了由铁钴镍合金/碳纳米管（CNTs）@碳纳米纤维（CNFs）组成的具有可定制形状的自支撑三维结构。一方面，多种损耗机制被引入到高弹性海绵中。碳纳米管在碳纳米纤维上原位生长导致可控的空间导电网络，这有助于产生有效的介电损耗和电阻损耗。此外，具有密集磁耦合的均匀分布的磁性合金纳米颗粒（NPs）导致磁损耗。另一方面，通过多组分工程构建异质界面，引发界面极化和极化损耗。此外，通过调节合金纳米颗粒尺寸和碳纳米管的生长状态来优化海绵的内部结构，进而调整阻抗匹配和微波吸收。因此，发现具有超低密度（7.6 mg·cm）的高弹性海绵具有优异的雷达和红外兼容隐身性能，最低反射损耗（RL）为 -50.5 dB，最大有效吸收带宽（EAB）为5.36 GHz。此外，通过雷达散射截面（RCS）模拟评估了海绵的雷达隐身效果，结果表明这种多功能海绵在军事应用中具有广阔前景。
