Kierbiedź-Guzik Natalia, Sozańska Barbara
Department and Clinic of Paediatrics, Allergology and Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chałubińskiego 2a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Dec 26;26(1):120. doi: 10.3390/ijms26010120.
Viral respiratory infections are a significant clinical problem among the pediatric population and are one of the leading causes of hospitalization. Most often, upper respiratory tract infections are self-limiting. Still, those that involve the lower respiratory tract are usually associated with asthma exacerbations, leading to worsening or even the initiation of the disease. A key role in regulating the immune response and inflammation during viral infections and their impact on the progression of asthma has been demonstrated for miRNA molecules (microRNA). Their interaction with mRNA (messenger RNA) regulates gene expression in innate and acquired immune responses, making them valuable biomarkers for diagnostics, monitoring, and predicting asthma exacerbations. The following paper presents changes in the expression of miRNAs during the five most common viral infections causing asthma worsening, with particular emphasis on the pediatric population. In addition, we describe the molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs influence the pathogenesis of viral infection, immune responses, and asthma exacerbations. These molecules represent promising targets for future innovative therapeutic strategies, paving the way for developing personalized medicine for patients with viral-induced asthma exacerbations.
病毒性呼吸道感染是儿科人群中一个重要的临床问题，也是住院治疗的主要原因之一。大多数情况下，上呼吸道感染是自限性的。然而，那些累及下呼吸道的感染通常与哮喘加重有关，导致病情恶化甚至疾病发作。微小RNA（miRNA）分子在调节病毒感染期间的免疫反应和炎症以及它们对哮喘进展的影响方面发挥了关键作用。它们与信使核糖核酸（mRNA）的相互作用调节先天性和获得性免疫反应中的基因表达，使其成为诊断、监测和预测哮喘加重的有价值的生物标志物。以下论文介绍了导致哮喘恶化的五种最常见病毒感染期间miRNA表达的变化，特别强调了儿科人群。此外，我们描述了miRNA影响病毒感染发病机制、免疫反应和哮喘加重的分子机制。这些分子代表了未来创新治疗策略的有前景的靶点，为开发针对病毒诱发哮喘加重患者的个性化药物铺平了道路。
