Rascón-Cruz Quintín, Siqueiros-Cendón Tania Samanta, Siañez-Estrada Luis Ignacio, Villaseñor-Rivera Celina María, Ángel-Lerma Lidia Esmeralda, Olivas-Espino Joel Arturo, León-Flores Dyada Blanca, Espinoza-Sánchez Edward Alexander, Arévalo-Gallegos Sigifredo, Iglesias-Figueroa Blanca Flor
Laboratorio de Biotecnología I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitarios s/n Nuevo Campus Universitario, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Dec 26;26(1):125. doi: 10.3390/ijms26010125.
Chronic diseases, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, are significant global health challenges. Oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses, is a critical factor in the progression of these pathologies. Lactoferrin (Lf), a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein, has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent due to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and iron-regulating properties. Lf plays a pivotal role in iron homeostasis by chelating iron, modulating its cellular uptake, and reducing ROS production, thereby mitigating oxidative stress-related tissue damage. Lf also demonstrates neuroprotective potential in diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, where it alleviates oxidative damage, regulates iron metabolism, and enhances antioxidant defenses. Furthermore, its ability to enhance endogenous antioxidant mechanisms, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, underscores its systemic protective effects. Lf's anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities also contribute to its broad-spectrum protective role in chronic diseases. This review consolidates evidence of Lf's mechanisms in mitigating oxidative stress and highlights its therapeutic potential as a versatile molecule for preventing and managing chronic conditions linked to oxidative damage.
包括心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病和癌症在内的慢性疾病，是全球重大的健康挑战。氧化应激以活性氧（ROS）产生与抗氧化防御之间的失衡为特征，是这些疾病进展的关键因素。乳铁蛋白（Lf）是一种多功能铁结合糖蛋白，因其强大的抗氧化、抗炎和铁调节特性，已成为一种有前景的治疗剂。Lf通过螯合铁、调节其细胞摄取以及减少ROS产生，在铁稳态中发挥关键作用，从而减轻与氧化应激相关的组织损伤。Lf在帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病等疾病中也显示出神经保护潜力，它可减轻氧化损伤、调节铁代谢并增强抗氧化防御。此外，它增强内源性抗氧化机制（如超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶）的能力，突出了其全身保护作用。Lf的抗炎和抗菌活性也有助于其在慢性疾病中的广谱保护作用。本综述整合了Lf减轻氧化应激机制的证据，并强调了其作为预防和管理与氧化损伤相关慢性病的多功能分子的治疗潜力。
