Queiroz Anne L F, Garcia Christopher B, Silva João P M O, Cavalini Diego F A, Alexandrino André V, Cunha Anderson F, Vercesi Anibal E, Castilho Roger F, Shiguemoto Gilberto E
Department of Physiological Sciences, Interinstitutional Post-Graduate Program of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13.566-490, SP, Brazil.
Post-Graduate Program of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13.566-490, SP, Brazil.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Dec 31;26(1):266. doi: 10.3390/ijms26010266.
Menopause occurs due to the depletion of the ovarian reserve, leading to a progressive decline in estrogen (E2) levels. This decrease in E2 levels increases the risk of developing several diseases and can coexist with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Arterial hypertension (AH) is another condition associated with menopause and may either contribute to or result from CKD. Ovariectomy (OVX) induces hypoestrogenism, which can lead to mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction in the kidneys. Previous studies have suggested that exercise training has beneficial effects on adults with CKD and AH. To investigate the effects of OVX and resistance training (RT) on hemodynamic parameters and mitochondrial bioenergetic function of the kidney, female Wistar rats were divided into ovariectomized (OVX) and intact (INT) groups. These rats were either kept sedentary (SED) or subjected to RT for thirteen weeks. The RT involved climbing a vertical ladder with a workload apparatus. Hemodynamic parameters were assessed via tail plethysmography. Mitochondrial respiratory function was evaluated with high-resolution respirometry. Gene expression related to the electron transport chain (ETC) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) was evaluated by real-time qPCR. At week 13, key hemodynamic parameters (systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure) were significantly elevated in the OVX-SED group. Compared with those in the other groups, mitochondrial bioenergetics were impaired in the OVX-SED group. In contrast, the trained groups presented improved mitochondrial bioenergetic function compared with the sedentary groups. OVX led to reduced gene expression related to the mitochondrial ETC and OXPHOS, whereas RT both prevented this reduction and increased gene expression in the trained groups. Our results indicate that hypoestrogenism significantly decreases OXPHOS and ETC capacity in the kidneys of sedentary animals. However, RT effectively increased the expression of genes related to mitochondrial ETC and OXPHOS, thereby counteracting the effects of OVX.
绝经是由于卵巢储备耗竭所致，导致雌激素（E2）水平逐渐下降。E2水平的降低会增加患多种疾病的风险，并且可能与慢性肾脏病（CKD）并存。动脉高血压（AH）是另一种与绝经相关的病症，可能是CKD的促成因素或结果。卵巢切除术（OVX）会诱发低雌激素血症，这可能导致肾脏中的线粒体生物能量功能障碍。先前的研究表明，运动训练对患有CKD和AH的成年人有有益影响。为了研究OVX和抗阻训练（RT）对肾脏血流动力学参数和线粒体生物能量功能的影响，将雌性Wistar大鼠分为去卵巢（OVX）组和完整（INT）组。这些大鼠要么保持久坐不动（SED），要么接受为期13周的RT。RT包括使用工作量装置攀爬垂直梯子。通过尾容积描记法评估血流动力学参数。用高分辨率呼吸测定法评估线粒体呼吸功能。通过实时定量PCR评估与电子传递链（ETC）和氧化磷酸化（OXPHOS）相关的基因表达。在第13周时，OVX-SED组的关键血流动力学参数（收缩压和平均动脉压）显著升高。与其他组相比，OVX-SED组的线粒体生物能量学受损。相比之下，与久坐组相比，训练组的线粒体生物能量功能有所改善。OVX导致与线粒体ETC和OXPHOS相关的基因表达减少，而RT既能防止这种减少，又能增加训练组中的基因表达。我们的结果表明，低雌激素血症会显著降低久坐动物肾脏中的OXPHOS和ETC能力。然而，RT有效地增加了与线粒体ETC和OXPHOS相关的基因表达，从而抵消了OVX的影响。
