How the Ectopic Expression of the Barley Gene Enhances Drought Resistance in .

In this study, the drought-responsive gene from barley was transferred to , and overexpression lines were obtained. The phenotypic characteristics of the transgenic plants, along with physiological indicators and transcription level changes of stress-related genes, were determined under drought treatment. Under drought stress, transgenic plants overexpressing exhibited enhanced drought tolerance and longer root lengths compared to wild-type plants. Additionally, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents were significantly lower in transgenic lines, while superoxide dismutase activity was elevated. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that the expression levels of drought and stress response genes, including , and , were significantly upregulated. Transcriptome analysis further confirmed that regulated multiple stress tolerance pathways. In summary, the overexpression of the gene enhanced drought tolerance in by regulating multiple stress response pathways. This study provides a practical basis for improving drought-resistant barley varieties and lays a foundation for subsequent research on family genes for stress resistance in barley.