Barreto Erika Mayra de Almeida, Almeida Aléssio Tony Cavalcanti, Neta Adélia Costa Pereira Arruda, Ferreira Flávia Emília Leite de Lima
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil.
Departamento de Economia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 25;17(1):22. doi: 10.3390/nu17010022.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The study prospectively assessed the association between sleep duration and the consumption of ultra-processed foods in adolescent students from a Brazilian capital.
We observed 1431 adolescents participating in the Longitudinal Study on sedentary behavior, physical activity, dietary habits, and adolescent health, aged 10 to 14 years, in the years 2014 to 2017. The percentage of consumption of ultra-processed foods was evaluated by the Friedman test. Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE) models with parameters for robust analysis were used to verify the prospective association between sleep and the consumption of ultra-processed foods.
The percentage consumption of ultra-processed foods in relation to total daily calories increased in boys between 15 and 17 years old (31.8% in 2015 to 35.8% in 2017), being more stable among older girls (36.7% in 2015 to 37.7% in 2017), which may have occurred due to the influence of the social environment, reduced critical capacity, and lower concern for nutrition. This excessive consumption can lead to health and body composition impairments. Over time, adolescents who were in the fourth quartile of sleep had a 1.4% reduction (95% CI -2.49; -0.28) in the energy percentage from ultra-processed foods. When adjusting the initially used model in the GEE (Generalized Estimation Equation) with sociodemographic variables (income, maternal education, age) and lifestyle factors, sleep duration decreased by 2.1% (95% CI -4.09; -0.22) only in boys. The shorter duration of sleep in adolescents has been shown to be associated with unhealthy behavioral factors, such as a preference for fatty and sugary foods. There were no statistically significant associations for girls in this model.
Sleep influences the consumption of ultra-processed foods in adolescents, showing that as sleep time increases, the consumption of foods classified as ultra-processed decreases.
背景/目的：本研究前瞻性地评估了巴西一座首府城市青少年学生的睡眠时间与超加工食品摄入量之间的关联。
我们观察了2014年至2017年期间参与久坐行为、身体活动、饮食习惯和青少年健康纵向研究的1431名10至14岁青少年。通过弗里德曼检验评估超加工食品的消费百分比。使用具有稳健分析参数的广义估计方程（GEE）模型来验证睡眠与超加工食品消费之间的前瞻性关联。
15至17岁男孩中超加工食品占每日总热量的消费百分比有所增加（从2015年的31.8%增至2017年的35.8%），而年龄较大女孩的这一比例则较为稳定（从2015年的36.7%增至2017年的37.7%），这可能是由于社会环境的影响、批判性思维能力下降以及对营养的关注度降低所致。这种过度消费会导致健康和身体成分受损。随着时间的推移，处于睡眠第四四分位数的青少年从超加工食品中获取的能量百分比降低了1.4%（95%置信区间为-2.49；-0.28）。在使用社会人口统计学变量（收入、母亲教育程度、年龄）和生活方式因素对GEE（广义估计方程）中最初使用的模型进行调整时，仅男孩的睡眠时间减少了2.1%（95%置信区间为-4.09；-0.22）。青少年睡眠时间较短已被证明与不健康的行为因素有关，例如对高脂肪和高糖食品的偏好。在该模型中，女孩之间没有统计学上的显著关联。
睡眠会影响青少年对超加工食品的消费，表明随着睡眠时间的增加，被归类为超加工食品的消费量会减少。
