Liu Jingjing, Qi Xinye, Wang Rizhen, Zhang Junling, Lu Shaoke, Xie Guangliang, Qin Yinghua, Ye Dongqing, Wu Qunhong
School of Public Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Hefei 231131, China.
Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 28;17(1):86. doi: 10.3390/nu17010086.
There are few studies examining the physical developmental phenotypes of nutritional deficiency diseases (NDDs) among Chinese children aged 1-7 years by anthropometrics and clarifying the specific NDD categories that caused growth faltering.
A total of 3054 cases of NDDs in children aged 1-7 years were investigated. The age, height, and weight of children with NDDs were adjusted by using the skewness coefficient-median-coefficient of variation method, and the results were compared with the WHO standardized level. Comparisons of specific categories of NDDs were performed with respect to the age-specific height standardized values (HAZ), the age-specific weight standardized values (WAZ), and the age-specific body mass index standard values (BAZ).
The subtypes of NDDs among Chinese children were mainly characterized by single and co-morbid deficiencies. Calcium deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, vitamin D deficiency, and vitamin B deficiency were the main types, accounting for 11.33%, 9.26%, 8.70%, and 6.29% of the total confirmed cases, respectively; protein-energy malnutrition combined with vitamin C deficiency was the most common type of combined nutrient deficiency (5.76%). The HAZ (-0.0002), WAZ (-0.0210), and BAZ (-0.0018) of children aged 1-3 years with NDDs was lower than the WHO standard (0), as were the HAZ (-0.0003), WAZ (-0.0219), and BAZ (-0.0019) of children aged 3-7 years. The anthropometrics of children with NDDs aged 1-7 years showed that the HAZ and BAZ were slightly lower than the WHO average level, whereas the WAZ was significantly different from the WHO average. The co-morbidity of vitamin A deficiency and vitamin D deficiency, calcium deficiency and vitamin C deficiency, vitamin D deficiency and vitamin C deficiency, and iodine deficiency and vitamin C deficiency were associated with the WAZ.
The specific categories of NDDs consist mainly of calcium deficiencies, vitamin A deficiencies, and vitamin D deficiencies. The main signs of growth retardation were low weight and height, which were driven by the specific single and co-morbid micronutrient deficiencies.
通过人体测量学研究中国1至7岁儿童营养缺乏病（NDDs）身体发育表型，并明确导致生长发育迟缓的具体NDD类别，此类研究较少。
对3054例1至7岁儿童的NDDs进行调查。采用偏度系数-中位数-变异系数法对NDDs儿童的年龄、身高和体重进行校正，并将结果与世界卫生组织（WHO）标准化水平进行比较。针对特定类别的NDDs，就年龄别身高标准化值（HAZ）、年龄别体重标准化值（WAZ）和年龄别体重指数标准值（BAZ）进行比较。
中国儿童NDDs的亚型主要表现为单一和合并缺乏。缺钙、维生素A缺乏、维生素D缺乏和维生素B缺乏是主要类型，分别占确诊病例总数的11.33%、9.26%、8.70%和6.29%；蛋白质-能量营养不良合并维生素C缺乏是最常见的合并营养素缺乏类型（5.76%）。1至3岁NDDs儿童的HAZ（-0.0002）、WAZ（-0.0210）和BAZ（-0.0018）低于WHO标准（0），3至7岁儿童的HAZ（-0.0003）、WAZ（-0.0219）和BAZ（-0.0019）也低于该标准。1至7岁NDDs儿童的人体测量学结果显示，HAZ和BAZ略低于WHO平均水平，而WAZ与WHO平均水平有显著差异。维生素A缺乏与维生素D缺乏、缺钙与维生素C缺乏、维生素D缺乏与维生素C缺乏以及碘缺乏与维生素C缺乏的合并症与WAZ相关。
NDDs的具体类别主要包括缺钙、维生素A缺乏和维生素D缺乏。生长发育迟缓的主要体征是体重和身高偏低，这是由特定的单一和合并微量营养素缺乏所致。
