Growth Assessment and Surveillance Unit, Department of Nutrition for Health and Development, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
Public Health Nutr. 2012 Jan;15(1):142-8. doi: 10.1017/S1368980011001315. Epub 2011 Jul 14.
To quantify the prevalence and trends of stunting among children using the WHO growth standards.
Five hundred and seventy-six nationally representative surveys, including anthropometric data, were analysed. Stunting was defined as the proportion of children below -2sd from the WHO length- or height-for-age standards median. Linear mixed-effects modelling was used to estimate rates and numbers of affected children from 1990 to 2010, and projections to 2020.
One hundred and forty-eight developed and developing countries.
Boys and girls from birth to 60 months.
In 2010, it is estimated that 171 million children (167 million in developing countries) were stunted. Globally, childhood stunting decreased from 39·7 (95 % CI 38·1, 41·4) % in 1990 to 26·7 (95 % CI 24·8, 28·7) % in 2010. This trend is expected to reach 21·8 (95 % CI 19·8, 23·8) %, or 142 million, in 2020. While in Africa stunting has stagnated since 1990 at about 40 % and little improvement is anticipated, Asia showed a dramatic decrease from 49 % in 1990 to 28 % in 2010, nearly halving the number of stunted children from 190 million to 100 million. It is anticipated that this trend will continue and that in 2020 Asia and Africa will have similar numbers of stunted children (68 million and 64 million, respectively). Rates are much lower (14 % or 7 million in 2010) in Latin America.
Despite an overall decrease in developing countries, stunting remains a major public health problem in many of them. The data summarize progress achieved in the last two decades and help identify regions needing effective interventions.
使用世卫组织生长标准量化儿童发育迟缓的流行率和趋势。
对包括人体测量数据在内的 576 项具有全国代表性的调查进行了分析。发育迟缓定义为儿童的身长/身高低于世卫组织年龄标准中位数 -2sd 的比例。采用线性混合效应模型估计 1990 年至 2010 年的发病率和受影响儿童人数，并对 2020 年的情况进行预测。
148 个发达国家和发展中国家。
从出生到 60 个月的男童和女童。
据估计，2010 年有 1.71 亿儿童（发展中国家为 1.67 亿）发育迟缓。全球范围内，儿童发育迟缓率从 1990 年的 39.7%（95%CI 38.1%，41.4%）下降到 2010 年的 26.7%（95%CI 24.8%，28.7%）。预计到 2020 年，这一趋势将达到 21.8%（95%CI 19.8%，23.8%），即 1.42 亿儿童。虽然非洲自 1990 年以来发育迟缓率一直停滞在 40%左右，预计不会有太大改善，但亚洲的情况则明显改善，从 1990 年的 49%下降到 2010 年的 28%，发育迟缓儿童人数从 1.9 亿减少到 1 亿，几乎减少了一半。预计这一趋势将持续下去，到 2020 年，亚洲和非洲的发育迟缓儿童人数将相似（分别为 6800 万和 6400 万）。拉丁美洲的发病率要低得多（2010 年为 14%或 700 万儿童）。
尽管发展中国家的总体情况有所改善，但发育迟缓仍然是许多发展中国家的一个主要公共卫生问题。这些数据总结了过去 20 年取得的进展，并有助于确定需要采取有效干预措施的地区。
