Sorlí José V, de la Cámara Edurne, Fernández-Carrión Rebeca, Asensio Eva M, Portolés Olga, Ortega-Azorín Carolina, Pérez-Fidalgo Alejandro, Villamil Laura V, Fitó Montserrat, Barragán Rocío, Coltell Oscar, Corella Dolores
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 30;17(1):104. doi: 10.3390/nu17010104.
Depression often results in premature aging, which increases the risk of other chronic diseases, but very few studies have analyzed the association between epigenetic biomarkers of aging and depressive symptoms. Similarly, limited research has examined the joint effects of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and chronotype on depressive symptoms, accounting for sex differences. Therefore, these are the objectives of our investigation in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.
We analyzed 465 older subjects (aged 55-75) with metabolic syndrome and assessed depressive symptoms by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). MedDiet adherence was measured with the 17-item MedDiet score, and chronotype with the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Blood DNA methylation was analyzed, and epigenomic biomarkers of age acceleration were determined. We focused on the Dunedin Pace of Aging Computed from the Epigenome (DunedinPACE). We fitted multivariable models with interaction terms.
Prevalence of depression was statistically higher in women ( < 0.001). MedDiet adherence was strongly and inversely associated with depressive symptoms in the whole population ( < 0.01), while the MEQ score was inversely associated ( < 0.05). In the joint analysis, both MedDiet adherence and chronotype remained statistically associated with the BDI-II score ( < 0.05), showing additive effects. No interaction effects were observed. In women, a higher score in depressive symptoms was significantly associated with faster age acceleration (measured with the DunedinPACE biomarker). This association remained significant even after adjustment for MedDiet adherence and chronotype.
In older subjects with metabolic syndrome, the eveningness chronotype was associated with greater depressive symptoms, but a higher adherence to the MedDiet could potentially counteract the chronotype risk with additive effects. Women showed stronger associations, and importantly, we reported for the first time in this population that depressive symptoms were associated with accelerated aging.
抑郁症常导致早衰，这会增加患其他慢性病的风险，但很少有研究分析衰老的表观遗传生物标志物与抑郁症状之间的关联。同样，针对坚持地中海饮食（MedDiet）和昼夜节律类型对抑郁症状的联合影响并考虑性别差异的研究也很有限。因此，这些是我们在心血管疾病高风险的地中海人群中进行调查的目的。
我们分析了465名患有代谢综合征的老年受试者（年龄在55 - 75岁之间），并通过贝克抑郁量表（BDI-II）评估抑郁症状。采用17项MedDiet评分来衡量对MedDiet的依从性，用晨型 - 夜型问卷（MEQ）来评估昼夜节律类型。分析血液中的DNA甲基化情况，并确定衰老加速的表观基因组生物标志物。我们重点关注从表观基因组计算得出的达尼丁衰老速度（DunedinPACE）。我们拟合了带有交互项的多变量模型。
女性的抑郁症患病率在统计学上更高（<0.001）。在整个人口中，对MedDiet的依从性与抑郁症状呈强烈的负相关（<0.01），而MEQ评分与之呈负相关（<0.05）。在联合分析中，MedDiet依从性和昼夜节律类型与BDI-II评分在统计学上仍具有相关性（<0.05），显示出相加效应。未观察到交互效应。在女性中，抑郁症状得分较高与衰老加速（用DunedinPACE生物标志物衡量）显著相关。即使在调整了对MedDiet的依从性和昼夜节律类型后，这种关联仍然显著。
在患有代谢综合征的老年受试者中，夜型昼夜节律类型与更严重的抑郁症状相关，但更高的MedDiet依从性可能通过相加效应抵消昼夜节律类型带来的风险。女性表现出更强的相关性，重要的是，我们在该人群中首次报告抑郁症状与衰老加速有关。
