Li Ping, Xu Xiao, Zhang Cong, Chang Qi, Wang Jie, Wang Weijie, Ren He
The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266024, China.
The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Mar;295:139714. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.139714. Epub 2025 Jan 9.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain various glycans during their life cycle, from biogenesis to cellular recognition and uptake by recipient cells. EV glycosylation has substantial diagnostic significance in multiple health conditions, highlighting the necessity of determining an accurate glycosylation pattern for EVs from diverse biological fluids. Reliable and accessible glycan detection techniques help to elaborate the glycosylation-related functional alterations of specific proteins or lipids. However, multiple obstacles exist, including the inconsistency in glycosylation patterns between an entire batch of EVs and a specific EV protein, and difficulty in distinguishing glycosylation types after tedious separation and purification procedures. This review outlines recent advances in EV glycan detection, either at the glycomic level for a collection of intact EVs or at the molecular level for a specific protein on EVs. Particular emphasis has been placed on the abundance of EVs in body fluids and their unique characteristics for drug delivery of EVs, indicating an opportunity for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes via EV glycans.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）在其生命周期中，从生物发生到被受体细胞进行细胞识别和摄取的过程中，都含有各种聚糖。EV糖基化在多种健康状况下具有重要的诊断意义，这凸显了确定来自不同生物流体的EV准确糖基化模式的必要性。可靠且易于使用的聚糖检测技术有助于阐明特定蛋白质或脂质与糖基化相关的功能改变。然而，存在多个障碍，包括整批EV与特定EV蛋白之间糖基化模式的不一致，以及在繁琐的分离和纯化程序后难以区分糖基化类型。本综述概述了EV聚糖检测的最新进展，包括针对完整EV集合的糖组学水平检测以及针对EV上特定蛋白质的分子水平检测。特别强调了体液中EV的丰富性及其在EV药物递送方面的独特特性，这表明通过EV聚糖进行诊断和治疗具有机会。
