Kainov Denis E, Ravlo Erlend, Ianevski Aleksandr
Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028, Trondheim, Norway; Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, Helsinki Institute for Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028, Trondheim, Norway.
Antiviral Res. 2025 Feb;234:106079. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2025.106079. Epub 2025 Jan 9.
Antiviral drugs are crucial for managing viral infections, but current treatment options remain limited, particularly for emerging viruses. These drugs can be classified based on their chemical composition, including neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), recombinant human receptors (rhRs), antiviral CRISPR/Cas systems, interferons, antiviral peptides (APs), antiviral nucleic acid polymers, and small molecules. Some of these agents target viral factors, host factors, or both. A major challenge for virus-targeted treatments is their narrow-spectrum effectiveness and the potential for drug resistance, while host-directed and virus/host-targeted therapies often suffer from significant side effects. The synergistic combination of multiple antiviral drugs holds promise for improving treatment outcomes by targeting different stages of the viral life cycle, reducing resistance, and minimizing side effects. However, developing such drug combinations presents its own set of challenges. Several drug combinations could be optimized, and new combinations developed by using AI, to more effectively treat both emerging and re-emerging viral infections.
抗病毒药物对于控制病毒感染至关重要，但目前的治疗选择仍然有限，尤其是对于新出现的病毒。这些药物可以根据其化学成分进行分类，包括中和抗体（nAbs）、重组人受体（rhRs）、抗病毒CRISPR/Cas系统、干扰素、抗病毒肽（APs）、抗病毒核酸聚合物和小分子。其中一些药物靶向病毒因子、宿主因子或两者。针对病毒的治疗面临的一个主要挑战是其窄谱有效性和耐药性的可能性，而针对宿主和病毒/宿主靶向治疗往往存在显著的副作用。多种抗病毒药物的协同组合有望通过靶向病毒生命周期的不同阶段、降低耐药性和最小化副作用来改善治疗效果。然而，开发这种药物组合也面临着自身的一系列挑战。可以优化几种药物组合，并利用人工智能开发新的组合，以更有效地治疗新出现和再次出现的病毒感染。
