Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2025 Jan 12;70(12):147-151. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2024.70.12.20.
Antibiotics play a fundamental role in protecting millions of lives from infectious diseases. However, an important drawback of antibiotic treatment is that each advancement was followed by the development of resistance. This is due to the fact that the majority of pathogenic bacteria are capable of becoming resistant to a number of antimicrobial agents. There are a number of resistance mechanisms the microorganism may possess naturally or by acquisition from other microorganisms. The main mechanisms of resistance to a medication include altering its target, preventing its absorption, causing it to efflux actively, and rendering it inactive. Many types of gram-positive bacteria that cause serious infections in both the community and healthcare system are listed among the most dangerous bacteria according to the WHO's published list, which calls for the development of novel antibiotics to address the resistance issue. The following three strains, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, are of special importance. Therefore, this review highlighted the main mechanisms and consequences of antibiotic resistance in Gram-positive bacterial strains.
抗生素在保护数百万人免受传染病侵害方面发挥着根本性作用。然而，抗生素治疗的一个重要缺点是，每一次进步之后都会出现耐药性的发展。这是因为大多数病原菌都能够对多种抗菌药物产生耐药性。微生物可能天然具有或通过从其他微生物获得多种耐药机制。对药物产生耐药性的主要机制包括改变其靶点、阻止其吸收、使其主动外排以及使其失活。根据世界卫生组织公布的名单，许多在社区和医疗系统中引起严重感染的革兰氏阳性菌被列为最危险的细菌，这就要求开发新型抗生素来解决耐药性问题。以下三种菌株，耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、耐万古霉素粪肠球菌和耐青霉素肺炎链球菌，具有特别重要的意义。因此，本综述重点介绍了革兰氏阳性菌菌株抗生素耐药性的主要机制和后果。
