Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem P.O. Box 20002, Palestine.
Molecules. 2020 Jun 23;25(12):2888. doi: 10.3390/molecules25122888.
The discovery of antibiotics has created a turning point in medical interventions to pathogenic infections, but unfortunately, each discovery was consistently followed by the emergence of resistance. The rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria has generated a great challenge to treat infections caused by bacteria with the available antibiotics. Today, research is active in finding new treatments for multidrug-resistant pathogens. In a step to guide the efforts, the WHO has published a list of the most dangerous bacteria that are resistant to current treatments and requires the development of new antibiotics for combating the resistance. Among the list are various Gram-positive bacteria that are responsible for serious healthcare and community-associated infections. Methicillin-resistant , vancomycin-resistant , and drug-resistant are of particular concern. The resistance of bacteria is an evolving phenomenon that arises from genetic mutations and/or acquired genomes. Thus, antimicrobial resistance demands continuous efforts to create strategies to combat this problem and optimize the use of antibiotics. This article aims to provide a review of the most critical resistant Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, their mechanisms of resistance, and the new treatments and approaches reported to circumvent this problem.
抗生素的发现开创了医学干预治疗病原性感染的一个转折点，但不幸的是，每次发现都伴随着耐药性的出现。多药耐药菌的兴起对治疗现有抗生素引起的细菌感染带来了巨大的挑战。如今，研究人员积极寻找治疗多药耐药病原体的新方法。为了指导这些努力，世界卫生组织公布了一份对现有治疗方法具有耐药性的最危险细菌清单，要求开发新的抗生素来对抗耐药性。其中包括各种革兰氏阳性菌，这些细菌可导致严重的医疗保健和社区相关感染。耐甲氧西林、耐万古霉素和耐药性是特别令人关注的问题。细菌耐药性是一个不断演变的现象，源于基因突变和/或获得的基因组。因此，抗菌药物耐药性需要持续努力制定策略来解决这个问题，并优化抗生素的使用。本文旨在综述最关键的耐药革兰氏阳性菌病原体，它们的耐药机制，以及为规避这一问题而报告的新的治疗方法和方法。
