Gorji Shaghayegh, Kueckelhaus Maximilian, Pehlke Britta, Hirsch Tobias, Almeida Oliveira Filipa
Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Fachklinik Hornheide, Muenster, Germany.
Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Fachklinik Hornheide, Muenster, Germany.
J Surg Educ. 2025 Mar;82(3):103402. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.103402. Epub 2025 Jan 11.
There is an ongoing increase in the percentage of females in the field of Plastic Surgery in Germany. Currently, 29,1% of fellows and 46% of residents in Germany are female. Several studies have pointed out the various obstacles that female doctors, especially female plastic surgeons, are confronted with in their professional life. The aim of this study is to examine gender parity among plastic surgeons in Germany. Furthermore, we aim to evaluate the opinion of both women and men on gender-specific discrimination.
In a nonrandomized, cross-sectional study an anonymous questionnaire covering various subjects such as education/training, career path, the compatibility of family and career, as well as the subjective perception of gender equality in Plastic Surgery was distributed among members of the German Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (DGPRÄC) as well as through social media. Data was collected with Google Docs.
The sample group (n = 285) composition was 162 female (56,8%), 122 (42,9%) male and 1 nonbinary (0,4%). The majority of women (54.3%) and men (49.1%) rated work-life balance as "difficult". In 82.1% of women and 44.3% of men, family planning was influenced by the profession. Most of the respondents work in hospitals (62.9% of women and 50.0% of men). The main motivation of 61.4% of women to go to in private practice was family reasons, 51.8% of men gave financial reasons. 64.1% of women and 54.1% of men have a doctoral degree, whereas 6.9% of women and 13.3% of the men have a postdoctoral degree. While 33.6% of the men believe that their own gender had no influence on their respective career decision, career progress or success, only 4.9% of women had the same opinion. In addition, 43.8% of women and 22.1% of men reported having experienced sexual harassment in their professional lives.
This study reveals significant gender differences in career development in Plastic Surgery. Family planning, motivations for establishment and academic careers, as well as the experience of sexual harassment, are of primary concern. Actively helping to shape the work environment of career development opportunities in light of this study may help to reduce gender disparities in Plastic Surgery in the future.
德国整形外科领域女性所占比例持续上升。目前，德国进修医生中有29.1%是女性，住院医生中有46%是女性。多项研究指出了女医生，尤其是女整形外科医生在职业生涯中面临的各种障碍。本研究的目的是调查德国整形外科医生中的性别平等情况。此外，我们旨在评估男性和女性对性别歧视的看法。
在一项非随机横断面研究中，一份涵盖教育/培训、职业道路、家庭与职业的兼容性以及整形外科性别平等主观认知等多个主题的匿名问卷，在德国整形、重建与美容外科学会（DGPRÄC）成员中以及通过社交媒体进行了分发。数据通过谷歌文档收集。
样本组（n = 285）的构成是162名女性（56.8%）、122名男性（42.9%）和1名非二元性别者（0.4%）。大多数女性（54.3%）和男性（49.1%）认为工作与生活的平衡“困难”。在82.1%的女性和44.3%的男性中，计划生育受到职业的影响。大多数受访者在医院工作（女性为62.9%，男性为50.0%）。61.4%的女性选择从事私人执业的主要动机是家庭原因，51.8%的男性给出的是经济原因。64.1%的女性和54.1%的男性拥有博士学位，而6.9%的女性和13.3%的男性拥有博士后学位。虽然33.6%的男性认为自己的性别对其各自的职业决策、职业发展或成功没有影响，但只有4.9%的女性持相同看法。此外，43.8%的女性和22.1%的男性报告在职业生涯中曾遭受性骚扰。
本研究揭示了整形外科职业发展中存在显著的性别差异。计划生育、执业动机和学术生涯，以及性骚扰经历，是主要关注点。鉴于本研究结果积极帮助塑造职业发展机会的工作环境，可能有助于未来减少整形外科中的性别差距。
