Sun Huifang, Xia Tengyuan, Ma Shuting, Lv Tao, Li Yuhong
College of Biological and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, China.
College of Biological and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, China.
Pharmacol Res. 2025 Feb;212:107591. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2025.107591. Epub 2025 Jan 10.
The hallmarks of aging encompass a variety of molecular categories (genomic, telomeric, and epigenetic), organelles (proteostasis, autophagy, and mitochondria), cellular components (including stem cells), systems (such as intercellular communication and chronic inflammation), and environmental factors (dysbiosis and nutrient sensing). These hallmarks play a crucial role in the aging process. Despite their intricate interconnections, the relationships among the hallmarks of aging remain unclear. Although the boundaries between these hallmarks may be indistinct, they exhibit interdependence, with the influence of one hallmark extending to others. Building on this foundation, we investigated the interrelations among the various hallmarks of aging and provided a systematic overview of their logical relationships, proposing that cellular communication plays a crucial role in the aging process. Exosomes function as a primary mode of cellular communication and significantly impact the aging process. Therefore, we propose utilizing exosomes as valuable tools for understanding the mechanisms of aging and addressing age-related concerns. Exosomes may represent a novel approach for the treatment and diagnosis of aging-related conditions in animals. Furthermore, our research reveals that exocytosis in young nematodes slows the aging process, while exocytosis in aged nematodes has the opposite effect, accelerating aging. In conclusion, exosomes act as intercellular messengers that influence the maintenance of a healthy aging process and link the hallmarks of aging with indicators of well-being.
衰老的特征涵盖多种分子类别（基因组、端粒和表观遗传）、细胞器（蛋白质稳态、自噬和线粒体）、细胞成分（包括干细胞）、系统（如细胞间通讯和慢性炎症）以及环境因素（微生物群落失调和营养感应）。这些特征在衰老过程中起着至关重要的作用。尽管它们之间存在复杂的相互联系，但衰老特征之间的关系仍不明确。虽然这些特征之间的界限可能不清晰，但它们表现出相互依存性，一个特征的影响会延伸到其他特征。在此基础上，我们研究了衰老的各种特征之间的相互关系，并对它们的逻辑关系进行了系统概述，提出细胞通讯在衰老过程中起着关键作用。外泌体作为细胞通讯的主要方式，对衰老过程有显著影响。因此，我们建议利用外泌体作为理解衰老机制和解决与年龄相关问题的有价值工具。外泌体可能代表一种治疗和诊断动物衰老相关病症的新方法。此外，我们的研究表明，年轻线虫中的胞吐作用会减缓衰老过程，而老年线虫中的胞吐作用则有相反的效果，加速衰老。总之，外泌体作为细胞间信使，影响健康衰老过程的维持，并将衰老特征与健康指标联系起来。
