Zhang Han, Chen Anqi, Li Shilin, Chen Kaiqin, You Xuechun, Bian Yingnan, Li Chengtao, Liu Shiquan, Huang Jiang, Zhang Suhua
Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. China.
Institute of Forensic Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
Electrophoresis. 2025 Jan;46(1-2):92-103. doi: 10.1002/elps.202400160. Epub 2025 Jan 12.
The human skin and oral cavity harbor complex microbial communities, which exist in dynamic equilibrium with the host's physiological state and the external environment. This study investigates the microbial atlas of human skin and oral cavities using samples collected over a 10-month period, aiming to assess how both internal and external factors influence the human microbiome. We examined bacterial community diversity and stability across various body sites, including palm and nasal skin, saliva, and oral epithelial cells, during environmental changes and a COVID-19 pandemic. The skin microbiome was confirmed to display spatial and temporal stability compared to the oral microbiome, particularly the oral epithelium, which was susceptible to changes in the host's physiological state and immune response. Moreover, significant differences in the microbial community structure among the 4 sample types were observed, and 87 distinct bacteria biomarkers were identified. The random forest prediction model achieved an overall prediction accuracy of 95.24% across the four types of samples studied. Additionally, nasal skin samples showed significant promise for individual identification through profiling the skin microbiota. These findings highlight the potential of skin and oral microbiota as forensic markers for inferring body sites and identifying individuals. In summary, despite facing limitations such as a small cohort size and the need for broader validation, this research provides an overall perspective and initial insights for refining experimental designs and conducting in-depth research in various microbial research fields.
人类皮肤和口腔中存在复杂的微生物群落，它们与宿主的生理状态和外部环境处于动态平衡。本研究使用在10个月期间收集的样本调查人类皮肤和口腔的微生物图谱，旨在评估内部和外部因素如何影响人类微生物组。我们在环境变化和新冠疫情期间，检查了包括手掌和鼻部皮肤、唾液以及口腔上皮细胞在内的不同身体部位的细菌群落多样性和稳定性。与口腔微生物组相比，皮肤微生物组被证实具有空间和时间稳定性，尤其是口腔上皮，它易受宿主生理状态和免疫反应变化的影响。此外，观察到4种样本类型之间微生物群落结构存在显著差异，并鉴定出87种不同的细菌生物标志物。随机森林预测模型在所研究的四种样本类型中总体预测准确率达到95.24%。此外，鼻部皮肤样本通过分析皮肤微生物群在个体识别方面显示出巨大潜力。这些发现突出了皮肤和口腔微生物群作为推断身体部位和识别个体的法医标记物的潜力。总之，尽管面临样本量小和需要更广泛验证等局限性，但本研究为完善实验设计和在各个微生物研究领域进行深入研究提供了总体视角和初步见解。
