Islam Md Mazharul, Naeem Aisha, Mshelbwala Philip P, Dutta Pronesh, Hassan Mohammad Mahmudul, K Elfadl Ahmed, Kodama Chiori, Zughaier Susu M, Farag Elmoubashar, Bansal Devendra
Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality, Doha, Qatar.
Research and Graduate Studies, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Eur J Public Health. 2025 Jan 1;35(Supplement_1):i14-i22. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckae164.
Despite global initiatives to eliminate dog-mediated human rabies by 2030, the Arabian Peninsula faces challenges due to insufficient data. This review addresses the current rabies situation and knowledge gaps in the region and proposes One Health interventions. Employing a mixed-method approach combining scoping and systematic review, the study commenced with a Delphi discussion to identify knowledge gaps and set objectives. The literature search encompassed published articles and grey literature. The spatial and temporal distribution of rabies was analysed, alongside quantitative meta-analyses to assess prevalence. Rabies virus gene sequences from the NCBI database were examined for reservoir hosts and evolutionary patterns. The final Delphi discussion with experts focused on addressing knowledge gaps and formulating One Health interventions. The first reported human rabies case in this region occurred in Saudi Arabia in 1980. Yemen reported the highest number of cases (439), followed by Iraq (249), Saudi Arabia (91), Jordan (14), and Oman (9). Fox bites accounted for the most cases (47.4%), followed by dog (36.8%) and wild animal (15.8%) bites. The virus was detected in at least 21 animal species. Phylogenetic analysis detected a single strain with two clades, with foxes being the primary virus reservoir. However, the experts expressed scepticism about the accuracy of rabies reports in scientific literature. To achieve the 2030 goal of eliminating dog-mediated human rabies, a stepwise approach towards rabies elimination assessment is crucial in the region. Enhanced surveillance, awareness campaigns, and access to post exposure prophylaxis are essential to address the disease burden.
尽管全球有到2030年消除犬传人狂犬病的倡议，但阿拉伯半岛因数据不足面临挑战。本综述探讨了该地区当前的狂犬病状况和知识空白，并提出了“同一健康”干预措施。该研究采用了范围界定和系统综述相结合的混合方法，首先通过德尔菲讨论来确定知识空白并设定目标。文献检索涵盖了已发表的文章和灰色文献。分析了狂犬病的时空分布，并进行了定量荟萃分析以评估患病率。对来自NCBI数据库的狂犬病病毒基因序列进行了检查，以确定储存宿主和进化模式。与专家进行的最后一次德尔菲讨论聚焦于填补知识空白和制定“同一健康”干预措施。该地区首例报告的人类狂犬病病例于1980年发生在沙特阿拉伯。也门报告的病例数最多（439例），其次是伊拉克（249例）、沙特阿拉伯（91例）、约旦（14例）和阿曼（9例）。狐狸咬伤导致的病例最多（47.4%），其次是狗咬伤（36.8%）和野生动物咬伤（15.8%）。在至少21种动物物种中检测到了该病毒。系统发育分析检测到一个单一毒株，有两个分支，狐狸是主要的病毒储存宿主。然而，专家们对科学文献中狂犬病报告的准确性表示怀疑。为实现2030年消除犬传人狂犬病的目标，在该地区采取逐步的狂犬病消除评估方法至关重要。加强监测、开展宣传活动以及提供暴露后预防措施对于应对疾病负担至关重要。
