Singh Abhishek, Kumar Kaushalendra, McDougal Lotus, Chokhandre Praveen Kumar, Singh Ajeet Kumar, Upadhyay Ashish Kumar, James K S, Raj Anita
Department of Public Health and Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
Centre of Demography of Gender, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
Spat Demogr. 2025;13(1):1. doi: 10.1007/s40980-024-00133-z. Epub 2025 Jan 9.
Research investigating association between patriarchy and demographic behavior is limited in India. The only study on this subject utilized 1981 Indian Census data to examine associations between patriarchy and fertility. We examined the association of patriarchy, measured using India Patriarchy Index (IPI), with total fertility rate (TFR) and excess female child mortality in India. Additionally, we examined independent associations of the 5 dimensions included in the IPI with the two outcomes. We used univariate and bivariate Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation, multivariable ordinary least squares and spatial error- regressions to examine the associations. Spatial heterogeneity beyond the north-south divide was evident in the spatial association of IPI with TFR and excess female child mortality. Results show positive association of IPI with TFR and excess female child mortality. While son preference and socio-economic domination were positively associated with TFR, domination of men over women and son preference were positively associated with excess female child mortality. This study is the first of its kind to examine the association of a novel measure of patriarchy with TFR and excess female child mortality. As patriarchy is deep-rooted in Indian society, a great deal of effort is needed to shift these traditionally held social norms and practices.
在印度，关于父权制与人口行为之间关联的研究有限。唯一一项关于该主题的研究利用了1981年印度人口普查数据来检验父权制与生育率之间的关联。我们使用印度父权制指数（IPI）衡量父权制，研究其与印度总生育率（TFR）和女童超额死亡率之间的关联。此外，我们还研究了IPI所包含的五个维度与这两个结果之间的独立关联。我们使用单变量和双变量空间自相关局部指标、多变量普通最小二乘法和空间误差回归来检验这些关联。在IPI与TFR和女童超额死亡率的空间关联中，南北分界线以外的空间异质性很明显。结果显示IPI与TFR和女童超额死亡率呈正相关。虽然重男轻女和社会经济主导地位与TFR呈正相关，但男性对女性的主导地位和重男轻女与女童超额死亡率呈正相关。本研究是同类研究中首个检验一种新的父权制衡量指标与TFR和女童超额死亡率之间关联的研究。由于父权制在印度社会根深蒂固，需要付出巨大努力来改变这些传统的社会规范和习俗。
