Ha Young-Ho, Oh Seung Hwan, Lee Soo-Rang
Division of Forest Diversity, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon 11186, Korea.
Department of Life Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
Genes (Basel). 2021 Jan 15;12(1):104. doi: 10.3390/genes12010104.
There is growing attention given to gene flow between crops and the wild relatives as global landscapes have been rapidly converted into agricultural farm fields over the past century. Crop-to-wild introgression may advance the extinction risks of rare plants through demographic swamping and/or genetic swamping. , the progenitor of the apple, is exclusively distributed along the Tien Shan mountains. Habitat fragmentation and hybridization between and the cultivated apples have been proposed to be the causal mechanism of the accelerated extinction risk. We examined the genetic diversity pattern of eleven wild and domesticated apple populations and assessed the gene flow between and the cultivated apples in Kazakhstan using thirteen nuclear microsatellite loci. On average, apple populations harbored fairly high within-population diversity, whereas population divergences were very low suggesting likely influence of human-mediated dispersal. Assignment results showed a split pattern between the cultivated and wild apples and frequent admixture among the apple populations. Coupled with the inflated contemporary migration rates, the admixture pattern might be the signature of increased human intervention within the recent past. Our study highlighted the prevalent crop to wild gene flow of apples occurring in Kazakhstan, proposing an accelerated risk of genetic swamping.
在过去的一个世纪里，随着全球地貌迅速转变为农田，作物与野生近缘种之间的基因流动受到越来越多的关注。作物向野生环境的基因渗入可能通过种群数量淹没和/或基因淹没增加珍稀植物的灭绝风险。苹果的祖先——新疆野苹果仅分布于天山山脉。新疆野苹果与栽培苹果之间的栖息地破碎化和杂交被认为是其灭绝风险加速的因果机制。我们使用13个核微卫星位点研究了11个野生和驯化苹果种群的遗传多样性模式，并评估了哈萨克斯坦新疆野苹果与栽培苹果之间的基因流动。平均而言，苹果种群内部具有相当高的多样性，而种群间的分化非常低，这表明可能受到了人类介导的扩散的影响。分配结果显示，栽培苹果和野生苹果之间存在分化模式，且苹果种群之间频繁混合。再加上当前膨胀的迁移率，这种混合模式可能是近期人类干预增加的标志。我们的研究突出了哈萨克斯坦苹果普遍存在的从作物到野生环境的基因流动，提出了基因淹没风险加速的问题。
