Yaliwal Rajasri G, Kori Shreedevi, Patil Aravind V, Bidri Shailaja R, Bankapur Gauri, Talwade Swati A
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shri B M Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapura, IND.
General Surgery, Shri B M Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapura, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Dec 11;16(12):e75535. doi: 10.7759/cureus.75535. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Background Cervical cancer typically progresses over 10-20 years, making it a preventable disease and underscoring the importance of screening. In low-resource settings, Papanicolaou (Pap) smears and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) serve as primary screening tools. This study was conducted as part of the noncommunicable disease camps organized by the government of Karnataka, India. Additionally, it aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to contraception among women of reproductive age. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2022 in primary health centers, community health centers, and government schools across all the Talukas of Vijayapura District, Karnataka, India. A total of 6,257 women participated in the study. The researchers interviewed all participants, obtained detailed medical histories, and performed pelvic examinations as part of the evaluation. Additionally, they conducted both VIA and Pap smears. Results A total of 6,257 women were sensitized for cervical cancer screening, of whom 5,114 registered, resulting in an acceptance rate of 81.73%. However, 1,143 participants (18.27%) refused screening, with the most common reason being unwillingness to undergo an examination. Only 3,316 women (53.91%) were aware of cervical cancer, and just 1,689 (27.1%) understood that it could be detected at an early stage. The VIA results indicated that 9.1% (n = 865) of the women tested positive. Among those screened, seven women (0.1%) were found to have a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Of these, four underwent colposcopy-guided biopsy, while three were lost to follow-up; all four biopsies were negative for malignancy. Additionally, two women presented with apparent cervical growths. Regarding contraceptive practices, 2,690 women (43.3%) expressed support for using contraception, with the permanent method of sterilization being the most preferred by 1,990 women (74.13%). Conclusions Screening with basic investigations such as Pap smears and VIA plays a crucial role in identifying premalignant and malignant lesions at their earliest stages, enabling timely treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality. Additionally, most women opt for permanent contraception once they have completed their families.
背景 宫颈癌通常在10至20年的时间里发展，这使其成为一种可预防的疾病，并凸显了筛查的重要性。在资源匮乏地区，巴氏涂片检查和醋酸肉眼观察法（VIA）是主要的筛查工具。本研究是印度卡纳塔克邦政府组织的非传染性疾病营地活动的一部分。此外，它旨在评估育龄妇女在避孕方面的知识、态度和做法。方法 这项横断面研究于2022年6月至8月在印度卡纳塔克邦维杰亚普拉区所有塔卢卡的初级卫生中心、社区卫生中心和政府学校进行。共有6257名妇女参与了该研究。研究人员对所有参与者进行了访谈，获取了详细的病史，并作为评估的一部分进行了盆腔检查。此外，他们还进行了VIA和巴氏涂片检查。结果 共有6257名妇女接受了宫颈癌筛查宣传，其中5114人登记，接受率为81.73%。然而，1143名参与者（18.27%）拒绝筛查，最常见的原因是不愿意接受检查。只有3316名妇女（53.91%）了解宫颈癌，只有1689人（27.1%）知道宫颈癌可以在早期被检测出来。VIA结果显示，9.1%（n = 865）的妇女检测呈阳性。在接受筛查的人中，发现7名妇女（0.1%）患有高级别鳞状上皮内病变。其中，4人接受了阴道镜引导下的活检，3人失访；所有4次活检的恶性结果均为阴性。此外，有2名妇女出现明显的宫颈肿物。关于避孕措施，2690名妇女（43.3%）表示支持使用避孕方法，其中1990名妇女（74.13%）最倾向于采用绝育这种永久性方法。结论 巴氏涂片检查和VIA等基本检查在尽早发现癌前病变和恶性病变方面起着关键作用，能够及时进行治疗以降低发病率和死亡率。此外，大多数妇女在完成生育后会选择永久性避孕措施。
