Hacımusaoğlu Irmak, Cohn Neil
Department of Communication and Cognition, Tilburg School of Humanities and Digital Sciences, Tilburg University, The Netherlands.
J Cogn. 2025 Jan 6;8(1):1. doi: 10.5334/joc.404. eCollection 2025.
Despite pictures being static representations, they use various cues to suggest dynamic motion. To investigate the effectiveness of different motion cues in conveying speed in static images, we conducted 3 experiments. In Experiment 1, we compared subjective speed ratings given for motion lines trailing behind movers, suppletion lines replacing parts of the movers and backfixing lines set in the background against the baseline of having no extra cue. Experiment 2 was a replication of the first experiment with an addition of several motion lines considering the effect of quantity on conveyed speed. Experiment 3 then examined the actual time assessments of each cue and bare objects indicated for movers to complete their paths. Our results showed that motion cues vary in their effectiveness in depicting speed, with some influence from proficiency in reading manga. Motion lines, which index the path being traversed, remained less effective than suppletion and backfixing lines, which we argue encode the speed component of motion rather than directionality. However, adding more motion lines intensified the perceived speed of the movers. These static cues also influenced the actual time durations individuals indicated for fictitious motion events, in line with the subjective speed ratings. Altogether, our results suggest that different aspects of motion can be captured by different cues, and that the effectiveness of cues might be modulated by exposure to such patterns, in line with the premises of a visual lexicon view.
尽管图片是静态呈现，但它们使用各种线索来暗示动态运动。为了研究不同运动线索在静态图像中传达速度的有效性，我们进行了3项实验。在实验1中，我们将跟随移动对象的运动线、替代移动对象部分的补充线以及设置在背景中的回溯线所给出的主观速度评级与没有额外线索的基线进行了比较。实验2是对第一个实验的复制，考虑到数量对传达速度的影响，增加了几条运动线。然后实验3检查了对每个线索以及为移动对象完成其路径所指示的裸对象的实际时间评估。我们的结果表明，运动线索在描绘速度方面的有效性各不相同，并且受到阅读漫画熟练程度的一些影响。指示所经过路径的运动线的有效性仍然低于补充线和回溯线，我们认为补充线和回溯线编码的是运动的速度成分而非方向性。然而，增加更多运动线会增强对移动对象速度的感知。这些静态线索还影响了个体为虚拟运动事件指示的实际持续时间，这与主观速度评级一致。总之，我们的结果表明，运动的不同方面可以由不同线索捕捉，并且线索的有效性可能会受到对这些模式的接触的调节，这与视觉词汇观的前提一致。
