White D P, Lombard R M, Cadieux R J, Zwillich C W
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1985 Feb;58(2):365-71. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1985.58.2.365.
Investigation into the etiology of obstructive sleep apnea is beginning to focus increasing attention on upper airway anatomy and physiology (patency and resistance). Before conclusions concerning upper airway resistance in these patients can be made, the normal range of supraglottic and, more specifically, pharyngeal resistance needs to be better defined. We measured supraglottic and pharyngeal resistances during nasal breathing in a normal population of 35 men and women. Our technique measured epiglottic pressure with a balloon-tipped catheter, choanal pressure using anterior rhinometry, and flow with a sealed face mask and pneumotachograph. Resistance was measured at a flow rate of 300 ml/s during inspiration. Men had a mean pharyngeal resistance (choanae to epiglottis) of 4.6 +/- 0.8 (SE) cmH2O X l-1 X s, whereas women demonstrated a significantly (P less than 0.01) lower value, 2.3 +/- 0.3 cmH2O X l-1 X s. Supraglottic resistance was also higher in men (P = 0.01). Age (r = 0.73, P less than 0.01) correlated closely with pharyngeal resistance in men, but no such correlations could be found in women. These results may have implications in the epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea.
对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停病因的研究开始越来越关注上呼吸道的解剖结构和生理功能（通畅性和阻力）。在得出关于这些患者上呼吸道阻力的结论之前，需要更明确地界定声门上尤其是咽部阻力的正常范围。我们测量了35名正常男女在经鼻呼吸时的声门上和咽部阻力。我们的技术通过带气囊的导管测量会厌压力，用前鼻测压法测量后鼻孔压力，并用密封面罩和呼吸流速计测量气流。在吸气过程中，以300毫升/秒的流速测量阻力。男性的平均咽部阻力（后鼻孔至会厌）为4.6±0.8（标准误）厘米水柱×升-1×秒，而女性的值明显较低（P<0.01），为2.3±0.3厘米水柱×升-1×秒。男性的声门上阻力也较高（P = 0.01）。年龄（r = 0.73，P<0.01）与男性的咽部阻力密切相关，但在女性中未发现此类相关性。这些结果可能对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的流行病学有影响。
