Eisenberg-Guyot Jerzy, Presskreischer Rachel, Pamplin John R
Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, NY.
Curr Epidemiol Rep. 2024 Jun;11(2):120-130. doi: 10.1007/s40471-024-00342-6. Epub 2024 Mar 20.
Our review critically examines research on trends in mental health among US adults following the COVID-19 pandemic's onset and makes recommendations for research on the topic.
Studies comparing pre-pandemic nationally representative government surveys ("benchmark surveys") with pandemic-era non-benchmark surveys generally estimated 3-4-fold increases in the prevalence of adverse mental-health outcomes following the pandemic's onset. However, studies analyzing trends in repeated waves of a single survey, which may carry a lower risk of bias, generally estimated much smaller increases in adverse outcomes. Likewise in our analysis of benchmark surveys, we estimated <1% increases in the prevalence of adverse outcomes from 2018/2019-2021. Finally, studies analyzing vital-statistics data estimated spiking fatal-overdose rates, but stable suicide rates.
Although fatal-overdose rates increased substantially following the pandemic's onset, evidence suggests the population prevalence of other adverse mental-health outcomes may have departed minimally from prior years' trends, at least through 2021. Future research on trends through the pandemic's later stages should prioritize leveraging repeated waves of benchmark surveys to minimize risk of bias.
我们的综述批判性地审视了新冠疫情爆发后美国成年人心理健康趋势的研究，并就该主题的研究提出建议。
将疫情前具有全国代表性的政府调查（“基准调查”）与疫情期间的非基准调查进行比较的研究通常估计，疫情爆发后不良心理健康结果的患病率增加了3至4倍。然而，分析单一调查多轮趋势的研究（可能存在较低的偏差风险）通常估计不良结果的增加幅度要小得多。同样，在我们对基准调查的分析中，我们估计2018/2019年至2021年不良结果的患病率增加不到1%。最后，分析生命统计数据的研究估计致命药物过量率飙升，但自杀率稳定。
尽管疫情爆发后致命药物过量率大幅上升，但有证据表明，至少到2021年，其他不良心理健康结果在人群中的患病率可能与前几年的趋势相比变化最小。未来关于疫情后期趋势的研究应优先利用基准调查的多轮数据，以尽量减少偏差风险。
