Gaoua Omar, Arslan Mehmet, Obedgiu Samuel
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38280 Türkiye.
Mol Breed. 2025 Jan 9;45(1):13. doi: 10.1007/s11032-024-01530-4. eCollection 2025 Jan.
This study investigated the potential of extended irradiation combined with immature embryo culture techniques to accelerate generation advancements in safflower ( L.) breeding programs. We developed an efficient speed breeding method by applying light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that emit specific wavelengths, alongside the in vitro germination of immature embryos under controlled environmental conditions. The experimental design for light treatments followed a 2 × 4 completely randomized factorial design with four replications, incorporating two safflower varieties, Remzibey-05 and Dinçer, and four LED treatments (white, full-spectrum, red + blue + white, and control). A lighting regimen of 22 h of light and 2 h of darkness was applied for all the LED treatments, whereas the control received 18 h of light and 6 h of darkness. Additionally, the immature embryo culture experiment used a 2 × 2 × 4 factorial arrangement, assessing two safflower cultivars, two media types, and four embryo developmental stages, with three replications. The parameters evaluated included plant height, branch number, seed number per plant, seed number per head, time to flower initiation, time to 50% flowering, time to harvest, and germination percentage of in vitro cultured immature embryos at various developmental stages. The harvest time among the light treatments ranged from 50.62 to 73.12 days, with the shortest time achieved under the red + blue + white LED combination and the longest under the control treatment. The plant height, number of seeds per plant, and number of seeds per head were highest under the full-spectrum LED, control and red + blue + white LED combinations, respectively. Immature embryos rescued at 10 days post-pollination presented a 57% germination rate, with an increasing trend in germination as the number of days post-pollination increased. The germination rates did not significantly differ across varieties or hormone treatments. This study demonstrated the potential to achieve six generations per year by combining prolonged illumination with targeted LED lighting and immature embryo culture techniques. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing safflower growth and development and advancing speed breeding in controlled environments.
本研究调查了延长辐照与未成熟胚培养技术相结合在加速红花（Carthamus tinctorius L.）育种计划中世代进展的潜力。我们通过应用发出特定波长的发光二极管（LED），并在可控环境条件下对未成熟胚进行离体萌发，开发了一种高效的快速育种方法。光照处理的实验设计采用2×4完全随机析因设计，重复四次，纳入两个红花品种Remzibey-05和Dinçer，以及四种LED处理（白色、全光谱、红+蓝+白和对照）。所有LED处理均采用22小时光照和2小时黑暗的光照方案，而对照接受18小时光照和6小时黑暗。此外，未成熟胚培养实验采用2×2×4析因安排，评估两个红花品种、两种培养基类型和四个胚发育阶段，重复三次。评估的参数包括株高、分枝数、单株种子数、单头种子数、始花时间、50%开花时间、收获时间以及不同发育阶段离体培养未成熟胚的发芽率。光照处理间的收获时间为50.62至73.12天，红+蓝+白LED组合处理时间最短，对照处理时间最长。株高、单株种子数和单头种子数分别在全光谱LED、对照和红+蓝+白LED组合处理下最高。授粉后10天拯救的未成熟胚发芽率为57%，随着授粉后天数增加发芽率呈上升趋势。不同品种或激素处理间发芽率无显著差异。本研究证明了通过延长光照、靶向LED照明和未成熟胚培养技术相结合，每年可实现六代的潜力。这些发现为优化红花生长发育和推进可控环境下的快速育种提供了有价值的见解。
