Plonski Paul E, Patel Prsni, Ossenfort Kathryn L, Taylor Holly A, Brunyé Tad T, Urry Heather L
Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2025 Jan 13;20(1):e0316382. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316382. eCollection 2025.
From a daily commute to military operations in hostile territory and natural disaster responses, people frequently move from place to place. Cognition (e.g., wayfinding) occurs in conjunction with behavior (e.g., locomotion) to facilitate spatial navigation-intentional movement through space. People often use maps to plan routes, which is part of wayfinding. Time pressure is common during navigation, even during route planning, for example from time constraints (e.g., a deadline), waiting periods (e.g., technological problems), or imposed urgency (e.g., someone tells you to hurry up). Route planning requires knowing where to go, determining how to get there, and managing transient stressors that can influence performance. Across cognitive and behavioral domains, time pressure is often conceptualized as a stressor and examined with a single operationalization. As a result, we do not know to what extent time constraints, waiting periods, and imposed urgency independently or interactively a) contribute to the sense of subjective stress, and b) impact spatial performance. Our work addressed these knowledge gaps using a computerized spatial task that centrally involved planning and tracing routes on maps. We describe this new methodology for studying route planning and demonstrate experimental effects of urgency messaging on increased subjective stress and decreased time between map presentation and first click (planning time). When participants took longer to plan or drew longer routes, they reported greater subjective stress. Results carry implications for the design and implementation of time pressure manipulations, route planning in stressful conditions, and mitigating or optimizing stress effects on performance.
从日常通勤到在敌对领土执行军事行动以及应对自然灾害,人们经常从一个地方转移到另一个地方。认知(例如寻路)与行为(例如移动)同时发生,以促进空间导航——在空间中的有意移动。人们经常使用地图来规划路线,这是寻路的一部分。在导航过程中,甚至在路线规划期间,时间压力都很常见,例如由于时间限制(例如截止日期)、等待时间(例如技术问题)或强制紧迫性(例如有人告诉你要快点)。路线规划需要知道去哪里、确定如何到达那里以及管理可能影响表现的短暂压力源。在认知和行为领域,时间压力通常被概念化为一种压力源,并通过单一的操作化方式进行研究。因此,我们不知道时间限制、等待时间和强制紧迫性在何种程度上独立地或交互地 a)导致主观压力感,以及 b)影响空间表现。我们的研究通过一项计算机化的空间任务解决了这些知识空白,该任务主要涉及在地图上规划和追踪路线。我们描述了这种研究路线规划的新方法,并展示了紧急消息对增加主观压力以及缩短地图呈现与首次点击之间的时间(规划时间)的实验效果。当参与者规划时间更长或绘制的路线更长时,他们报告的主观压力更大。研究结果对时间压力操纵的设计与实施、在压力条件下的路线规划以及减轻或优化压力对表现的影响具有启示意义。