Babaei Mohamad Javad, Ebrahimi Amin, Heidari Parviz, Azadvari Elham, Gharanjik Shahrokh, Chaghakaboodi Zeinab
Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran.
Horticultural Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 13;15(1):1837. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84472-3.
Abiotic stresses, notably cold stress, significantly influence various aspects of plant development and reproduction. Various approaches have been proposed to counteract the adverse impacts of cold stress on plant productivity. The unique properties of nanoparticles contribute to an enhanced tolerance of plants to challenging conditions. This study explores the impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) on cold-stress tolerance in fenugreek, as well as genes expression involved in the diosgenin biosynthesis pathway. Varied concentrations of TiO NPs (0, 2, 5, and 10 ppm) were sprayed on fenugreek plants subjected to cold stress at 10 °C during 6, 24, and 48 h. Our findings revealed that the utilization of 2 and 5 ppm of TiO NPs, positively influenced pigments biosynthesis and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities. It also effectively reduced electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content, mitigating the adverse effects of cold stress. The study also highlighted TiO NPs' affirmative impact on defense signaling pathways, including abscisic acid, nitric oxide, and auxin, in fenugreek. Moreover, TiO NPs significantly influenced the expression of genes related to diosgenin biosynthesis. Simultaneous exposure to cold stress and TiO NPs led to a substantial increase in diosgenin content, with the upregulation of SEP, SQS, CAS, and SSR genes compared to control conditions. This research indicated that TiO NPs application could effectively stimulate fenugreek biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites, consequently enhancing plant tolerance to cold stress. The study's outcomes hold promise for potential applications in the metabolic engineering of diosgenin in fenugreek.
非生物胁迫，尤其是冷胁迫，会显著影响植物发育和繁殖的各个方面。人们已经提出了各种方法来对抗冷胁迫对植物生产力的不利影响。纳米颗粒的独特性质有助于增强植物对挑战性条件的耐受性。本研究探讨了二氧化钛纳米颗粒（TiO NPs）对胡芦巴耐冷性的影响，以及参与薯蓣皂苷元生物合成途径的基因表达。将不同浓度的TiO NPs（0、2、5和10 ppm）喷洒在10℃下遭受冷胁迫6、24和48小时的胡芦巴植株上。我们的研究结果表明，使用2和5 ppm的TiO NPs对色素生物合成以及酶促和非酶促抗氧化活性产生了积极影响。它还有效降低了电解质渗漏和丙二醛含量，减轻了冷胁迫的不利影响。该研究还强调了TiO NPs对胡芦巴防御信号通路（包括脱落酸、一氧化氮和生长素）的积极影响。此外，TiO NPs显著影响了与薯蓣皂苷元生物合成相关的基因表达。同时暴露于冷胁迫和TiO NPs导致薯蓣皂苷元含量大幅增加，与对照条件相比，SEP、SQS、CAS和SSR基因上调。这项研究表明，TiO NPs的应用可以有效刺激胡芦巴初级和次级代谢产物的生物合成，从而增强植物对冷胁迫的耐受性。该研究结果为胡芦巴薯蓣皂苷元代谢工程的潜在应用带来了希望。
