Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Punjab, Pakistan.
Department of Biochemistry, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Punjab, Pakistan.
Molecules. 2022 Jul 30;27(15):4884. doi: 10.3390/molecules27154884.
Agriculture is the backbone of every developing country. Among various crops, wheat ( L.) belongs to the family Poaceae and is the most important staple food crop of various countries. Different biotic (viruses, bacteria and fungi) and abiotic stresses (water logging, drought and salinity) adversely affect the qualitative and quantitative attributes of wheat. Among these stresses, salinity stress is a very important limiting factor affecting the morphological, physiological, biochemical attributes and grain yield of wheat. This research work was carried out to evaluate the influence of phytosynthesized TiO NPs on the germination, physiochemical, and yield attributes of wheat varieties in response to salinity. TiO NPs were synthesized using TiO salt and a plant extract as a reducing and capping agent. Various concentrations of TiO nanoparticles (20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/L) and salt solutions (NaCl) (100 and 150 mM) were used. A total of 20 mg/L and 40 mg/L improve germination attributes, osmotic and water potential, carotenoid, total phenolic, and flavonoid content, soluble sugar and proteins, proline and amino acid content, superoxide dismutase activity, and reduce malondialdhehyde (MDA) content at both levels of salinity. These two concentrations also improved the yield attributes of wheat varieties at both salinity levels. The best results were observed at 40 mg/L of TiO NPs at both salinity levels. However, the highest concentrations (60 and 80 mg/L) of TiO NPs showed negative effects on germination, physiochemical and yield characteristics and causes stress in both wheat varieties under control irrigation conditions and salinity stress. Therefore, in conclusion, the findings of this research are that the foliar application of TiO NPs can help to improve tolerance against salinity stress in plants.
农业是每个发展中国家的支柱。在各种作物中，小麦（L.）属于禾本科，是各国最重要的主食作物。各种生物（病毒、细菌和真菌）和非生物胁迫（水涝、干旱和盐度）会对小麦的质量和数量属性产生不利影响。在这些胁迫中，盐度胁迫是影响小麦形态、生理、生化特性和籽粒产量的一个非常重要的限制因素。本研究旨在评估植物合成的 TiO NPs 对小麦品种在盐胁迫下发芽、生理化学和产量特性的影响。TiO NPs 是使用 TiO 盐和植物提取物作为还原剂和封端剂合成的。使用了不同浓度的 TiO 纳米粒子（20、40、60 和 80 mg/L）和盐溶液（NaCl）（100 和 150 mM）。20 mg/L 和 40 mg/L 提高了发芽特性、渗透势和水势、类胡萝卜素、总酚和类黄酮含量、可溶性糖和蛋白质、脯氨酸和氨基酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性以及降低丙二醛（MDA）含量在两个盐度水平下。这两个浓度也提高了两个盐度水平下小麦品种的产量特性。在两个盐度水平下，40 mg/L 的 TiO NPs 表现出最佳结果。然而，最高浓度（60 和 80 mg/L）的 TiO NPs 对发芽、生理化学和产量特性表现出负作用，并在对照灌溉条件和盐胁迫下对两种小麦品种造成胁迫。因此，总之，本研究的结果表明，叶面喷施 TiO NPs 有助于提高植物对盐胁迫的耐受性。
