Clinical characteristics and prognostic analysis of patients with hydrocephalus after hypertensive cerebral haemorrhage: a retrospective case-control study.

To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with hydrocephalus after hypertensive cerebral haemorrhage (HICH) and to analyse the relevant factors affecting the prognosis. A total of 500 patients with HICH admitted to the neurosurgery department of The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University between January 2020 and July 2024 were retrospectively analysed. The clinical data of the patients were collected, the occurrence of hydrocephalus within 3 months after discharge was followed up, and the patients were divided into the occurrence group and the non-occurrence group. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify risk factors for hydrocephalus, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the predictive value of these factors. Among 500 patients, 45 (9%) developed hydrocephalus, with an average age of 59.93 ± 14.20 years in the occurrence group and 61.76 ± 12.28 years in the non-occurrence group. Logistics univariate analysis showed that the brain haemorrhage location, cerebral hernia, haematoma volume and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score were the influencing factors for hydrocephalus after HICH (P < 0.05). The results of logistics multivariate analysis showed that cerebral hernia (odds ratio [OR] = 3.102, 95% CI: 1.315-7.204) and the GCS score (OR = 1.732. 95% CI: 1.102-2.401) were risk factors for the development of hydrocephalus after HICH (P < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.639 for cerebral hernia, 0.713 for the GCS score and 0.794 for their combination in predicting hydrocephalus. Cerebral hernia and the GCS score are independent influencing factors of hydrocephalus after HICH, and the combination of the two can better predict the formation of hydrocephalus.