Hamsher K D, Roberts R J
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1985 Feb;7(1):1-13. doi: 10.1080/01688638508401238.
Four tasks were developed to assess memory for recent U.S. presidents: free recall of presidents' names, naming their photographs, and temporal ordering of their printed names and photographs. The tasks were standardized on a sample of 250 hospital control subjects and administered to 55 patients with cerebral disease. Recall of the presidents' names, a task frequently advocated for mental status examination, was relatively difficult for hospital control patients and was least sensitive to brain disease. None of the brain-damaged patients manifested an isolated retrieval defect. Generalized memory impairment for recent presidents was not found with focal lesions. In the context of a diffuse or bilateral disease, generalized memory impairment for recent presidents was a frequent concomitant of substantial intellectual loss. This brief, multi-task assessment of memory for recent presidents may prove a more useful adjunct to neurobehavioral evaluation than testing simple recall of presidents' names.
自由回忆总统姓名、说出他们的照片名称，以及对他们的印刷姓名和照片进行时间排序。这些任务在250名医院对照受试者样本上进行了标准化，并应用于55名脑病患者。回忆总统姓名这一经常被提倡用于精神状态检查的任务，对医院对照患者来说相对困难，并且对脑部疾病最不敏感。没有一名脑损伤患者表现出孤立的检索缺陷。局灶性病变未发现对近期总统的一般性记忆损害。在弥漫性或双侧性疾病的情况下，对近期总统的一般性记忆损害常常伴随着严重的智力丧失。这种对近期总统记忆的简短、多任务评估可能比测试简单回忆总统姓名更有助于神经行为评估。
