Parany Mamionah Noro Jully, Stenseth Nils Christian, Rasoamalala Fanohinjanaharinirina, Rahelinirina Soanandrasana, Rahajandraibe Soloandry, Andrianaivoarimanana Voahangy, Dobigny Gauthier, Gorgé Olivier, Valade Eric, Fell Henry, Ramasindrazana Beza, Rajerison Minoarisoa
Plague Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
Integr Zool. 2025 Jan 13. doi: 10.1111/1749-4877.12944.
Plague, a zoonotic disease caused by Yersinia pestis, remains a major public health threat in several parts of the world, including Madagascar. Factors underlying long-term persistence and emergence of the pathogen remain poorly understood. We implemented a longitudinal survey to provide insights into plague reservoir ecology within an endemic focus. Six trapping sessions (TS) were conducted in six different localities of the Ankazobe district from 2018 to 2020 in order to monitor small mammal communities. A total of 2762 individuals composed of six species (Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, Setifer setosus, Suncus murinus and Tenrec ecaudatus) were caught over the six successive TS. R. rattus represented 88% of all captures, with the highest relative abundances observed during the dry season (June to August 2019). None of the micromammals tested positive for the presence of Y. pestis, neither with qPCR nor bacterial culture. However, 11 seropositive individuals (6 R. rattus, 2 M. musculus and 3 S. murinus) were retrieved following ELISA, thus leading to a global seroprevalence of 0.4%. Our study highlighted the significant influence of climatic data on the seasonal variations of R. rattus abundance and suggest that black rat control should be conducted before the dry season, that is, during high reproduction period of rats, in order to reduce the number of reproducing animals and prevent subsequent increase in abundance. As three S. murinus and two M. musculus plague seropositive were identified in the present study, their potential role in plague eco-epidemiology in Madagascar should be explored further.
鼠疫是一种由鼠疫耶尔森菌引起的人畜共患病，在世界上包括马达加斯加在内的几个地区仍然是主要的公共卫生威胁。该病原体长期持续存在和出现的潜在因素仍知之甚少。我们开展了一项纵向调查，以深入了解地方病重点区域内的鼠疫宿主生态。2018年至2020年期间，在安卡佐贝区的六个不同地点进行了六次诱捕活动（TS），以监测小型哺乳动物群落。在连续六次TS中，共捕获了2762只个体，分属六个物种（黑家鼠、褐家鼠、小家鼠、多刺猬、臭鼩鼱和无尾猬）。黑家鼠占所有捕获量的88%，在旱季（2019年6月至8月）观察到的相对丰度最高。通过qPCR和细菌培养，所有小型哺乳动物均未检测出鼠疫耶尔森菌呈阳性。然而，在酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）后，发现了11只血清反应阳性个体（6只黑家鼠、2只小家鼠和3只臭鼩鼱），因此总体血清阳性率为0.4%。我们的研究强调了气候数据对黑家鼠数量季节性变化的重大影响，并建议应在旱季之前，即在大鼠繁殖高峰期进行黑家鼠控制，以减少繁殖动物数量并防止随后数量增加。由于在本研究中鉴定出3只臭鼩鼱和2只小家鼠鼠疫血清反应阳性，它们在马达加斯加鼠疫生态流行病学中的潜在作用应进一步探索。
