Kim Hyunjung, Do Hyunsue, Son Chang-Nam, Jang Jae-Won, Choi Sun Shim, Moon Ki Won
Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
J Korean Med Sci. 2025 Jan 13;40(2):e1. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e1.
Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis caused by monosodium urate crystal deposits, and the prevalence of this condition has been increasing. This study aimed to determine the combined effects of genetic risk factors and lifestyle habits on gout, using data from a Korean cohort study. Identifying high-risk individuals in advance can help prevent gout and its associated disorders.
We analyzed data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study-Urban Health Examinees cohort (KoGES-HEXA). Genetic information of the participants was collected at baseline, and gout cases were identified based on patient statements. The polygenic risk score (PRS) was calculated using nine independent genome-wide association study datasets, and lifestyle factors and metabolic syndrome status were measured for each participant using the KoGES. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for gout in relation to genetic risk, lifestyle habits, and metabolic health status, after adjusting for age and sex.
Among 44,605 participants, 617 were diagnosed with gout. Gout was associated with older age, higher body mass index, and higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia. High PRS, unfavorable lifestyle habits, and poor metabolic profiles were significantly associated with an increased risk of gout. Compared with that in the low-genetic-risk and healthy lifestyle group or ideal metabolic profile group, the risk of gout was increased in the high-genetic-risk plus unfavorable lifestyle (OR, 3.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.32-6.03) or poor metabolic profile (OR, 7.78; 95% CI, 4.61-13.40) group. Conversely, adherence to favorable lifestyle habits significantly reduced gout risk, especially in high-genetic-risk groups.
Genetic predisposition and unhealthy lifestyle habits significantly increase the risk of gout. Promoting healthy lifestyle habits is crucial to prevent the development of gout, particularly in individuals with high genetic susceptibility.
痛风是一种由尿酸单钠晶体沉积引起的炎症性关节炎，且这种疾病的患病率一直在上升。本研究旨在利用韩国队列研究的数据，确定遗传风险因素和生活习惯对痛风的综合影响。提前识别高危个体有助于预防痛风及其相关疾病。
我们分析了韩国基因组与流行病学研究-城市健康体检队列（KoGES-HEXA）的数据。在基线时收集参与者的遗传信息，并根据患者自述确定痛风病例。使用9个独立的全基因组关联研究数据集计算多基因风险评分（PRS），并使用KoGES对每位参与者的生活方式因素和代谢综合征状态进行测量。在调整年龄和性别后，使用逻辑回归模型估计痛风与遗传风险、生活习惯和代谢健康状况相关的优势比（OR）。
在44,605名参与者中，617人被诊断为痛风。痛风与年龄较大、体重指数较高以及高血压、糖尿病和高甘油三酯血症的患病率较高有关。高PRS、不良生活习惯和不良代谢状况与痛风风险增加显著相关。与低遗传风险和健康生活方式组或理想代谢状况组相比，高遗传风险加不良生活方式（OR，3.64；95%置信区间[CI]，2.32-6.03）或不良代谢状况（OR，7.78；95%CI，4.61-13.40）组的痛风风险增加。相反，坚持良好的生活习惯可显著降低痛风风险，尤其是在高遗传风险组中。
遗传易感性和不健康的生活习惯显著增加痛风风险。促进健康的生活习惯对于预防痛风的发生至关重要，尤其是在遗传易感性高的个体中。
