Ellakwa Doha El-Sayed, Abdelmalek Mohamed Ahmed, Mostafa Mostafa M, Ellakwa Takwa E, Wadan Al-Hassan Soliman
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Kantra Branch, Ismailia, Egypt.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025 Jan 14. doi: 10.1007/s00210-024-03675-7.
Leukemia covers a broad category of cancer malignancies that specifically affect bone marrow and blood cells. While different kinds of leukemia have been identified, effective treatments are still lacking for most forms, and even those treatments considered effective can lead to relapses. MicroRNAs, or miRNAs, are short endogenous non-coding single-stranded RNAs that help control the epigenetics of gene expression. Recently, a literature review proposed that miRNAs provided promising therapeutic targets for patients diagnosed with leukemia. Due to genetic abnormalities occurring during the maturation of white blood cells, studies commonly observed uncontrolled replication and decreased cell death, compared to healthy cells. This results in the activation of oncogenes, deactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and disruption of normal cellular functions. Although conventional cancer treatments significantly contribute to patient recovery, they can also impose many side effects. MiRNAs all significantly regulate angiogenesis, migration, apoptosis, carcinogenesis, and gene expression. Regarding chemotherapy, mounting research indicates that microRNAs may directly influence how responsive leukemia is to chemical treatments. This article reviews current studies on microRNAs, examining their influence on cancer advancement and spread, as well as their possible applications as diagnostic indicators and treatment targets in leukemia. Furthermore, we integrated the functions of microRNAs in cancer formation and progression with leukemia patient care, offering fresh insights into leukemia detection and management strategies.
白血病涵盖了一大类癌症恶性肿瘤，具体影响骨髓和血细胞。虽然已经确定了不同类型的白血病，但大多数类型仍然缺乏有效的治疗方法，甚至那些被认为有效的治疗方法也可能导致复发。微小RNA（miRNA）是短的内源性非编码单链RNA，有助于控制基因表达的表观遗传学。最近，一篇文献综述提出，miRNA为被诊断患有白血病的患者提供了有前景的治疗靶点。由于白细胞成熟过程中发生的基因异常，与健康细胞相比，研究通常观察到不受控制的复制和细胞死亡减少。这导致癌基因激活、肿瘤抑制基因失活以及正常细胞功能的破坏。尽管传统的癌症治疗对患者康复有显著贡献，但它们也可能带来许多副作用。miRNA均能显著调节血管生成、迁移、凋亡、致癌作用和基因表达。关于化疗，越来越多的研究表明，微小RNA可能直接影响白血病对化学治疗的反应性。本文综述了目前关于微小RNA的研究，考察了它们对癌症进展和扩散的影响，以及它们作为白血病诊断指标和治疗靶点的可能应用。此外，我们将微小RNA在癌症形成和进展中的功能与白血病患者护理相结合，为白血病检测和管理策略提供了新的见解。
