Haider Muhammad Wasim, Abbas Syed Mohsin, Hussain Tanveer, Akram Muhammad Tahir, Farooq Umar, Alwahibi Mona S, Elshikh Mohamed S, Shakeel Zaid, Nafees Muhammad, Rizwan Muhammad, Iqbal Rashid
Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 14;15(1):1942. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-85769-7.
Potato is cultivated all the year round in Pakistan. However, the major crop is the autumn crop which is planted in mid-October and contributes 80-85% of the total production. The abrupt climate change has affected the weather patterns all over the world, resulting in the reduction of the mean air temperature in autumn by almost 1.6 °C in Pakistan, which in turn, has adversely affected the crop performance and tuber yield. This trial, therefore, was conducted to optimize and evaluate the concentration of salicylic acid (SA) and potassium nitrate (KNO) for inducing frost stress tolerance in an autumn-sown potato crop cv. Sutlej. The findings revealed that the foliar application of 0.5 mM SA significantly enhanced the growth, yield, fluorescent, and biochemical indices of potato plants outperforming 100 mM KNO₃ application in comparison with the control. This included increased plant height by 14% and 17.6%, leaf area index by 6.3% and 26.3%, shoot biomass by 15.4% and 46.2%, crop growth rate by 16.7% and 43.3%, average tuber weight by 8.2% and 23%, tuber diameter by 6.8% and 12.2%, tuber yield by 26.1% and 46.3%, leaf angle by 16.2% and 21.6%, quantum yield of photosystem II by 20.6% and 28.2%, photosynthetically active radiations by 20.5% and 32.4%, chlorophyll content by 6.3% and 14.6%, leaf thickness by 14% and 29%, linear electron flow by 20% and 32.7%, O by 6% and 14.4%, HO by 11.7% and 27.6%, enzyme activities of catalase by 20.7% and 28.5%, superoxide dismutase by 28.6% and 28.5%, peroxidase by 8.3% and 13.5%, ascorbate peroxidase by 17.2% and 37.8%, total protein by 21% and 37%, proline by 36.2% and 114%, and phenolic content by 33% and 63.3% with a reduction in non-photochemical quenching by 12.7% and 29.6%, non-regulatory energy dissipation by 169.5% and 268.5%, and leaf electrolyte leakage by 57.5% and 180%, compared to KNO and the control, respectively. Based on the above findings, it can be concluded and recommended that 0.5 mM foliar spray of SA can be utilized on potato crop cv. Sutlej in frost-sensitive regions. However, the application rate of KNO needs to be optimized in order to use its maximal frost stress tolerance potential.
巴基斯坦全年都种植马铃薯。然而，主要作物是秋季作物，于10月中旬种植，占总产量的80 - 85%。气候的突然变化影响了全球的天气模式，导致巴基斯坦秋季平均气温下降了近1.6摄氏度，进而对作物表现和块茎产量产生了不利影响。因此，本试验旨在优化和评估水杨酸（SA）和硝酸钾（KNO₃）的浓度，以诱导秋播马铃薯品种Sutlej的霜冻胁迫耐受性。研究结果表明，与对照相比，叶面喷施0.5 mM SA显著提高了马铃薯植株的生长、产量、荧光和生化指标，优于喷施100 mM KNO₃。这包括株高分别增加14%和17.6%，叶面积指数分别增加6.3%和26.3%，地上部生物量分别增加15.4%和46.2%，作物生长速率分别增加16.7%和43.3%，平均块茎重量分别增加8.2%和23%，块茎直径分别增加6.8%和12.2%，块茎产量分别增加26.1%和46.3%，叶角分别增加16.2%和21.6%，光系统II的量子产量分别增加20.6%和28.2%，光合有效辐射分别增加20.5%和32.4%，叶绿素含量分别增加6.3%和14.6%，叶片厚度分别增加14%和29%，线性电子流分别增加20%和32.7%，O₂分别增加6%和14.4%，H₂O₂分别增加11.7%和27.6%，过氧化氢酶活性分别增加20.7%和28.5%，超氧化物歧化酶活性分别增加28.6%和28.5%，过氧化物酶活性分别增加8.3%和13.5%，抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性分别增加17.2%和37.8%，总蛋白分别增加21%和37%，脯氨酸分别增加36.2%和114%，酚类含量分别增加33%和63.3%，同时非光化学猝灭分别降低12.7%和29.6%，非调节性能量耗散分别降低169.5%和268.5%，叶片电解质渗漏分别降低57.5%和180%，分别与KNO₃和对照相比。基于上述研究结果，可以得出结论并建议，在霜冻敏感地区，可对马铃薯品种Sutlej叶面喷施0.5 mM SA。然而，需要优化KNO₃的施用量，以发挥其最大的霜冻胁迫耐受潜力。
